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从谢赫的绘画"六法"到文学翻译"六法"

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中国传统哲学、文论、画论等是构建中国特色翻译理论的重要资源.南朝谢赫的绘画"六法"完全可以引入文学翻译中,如果赋予"六法"以不尽相同内涵的话.文学翻译"六法"把气韵生动作为文学翻译的总体目标,即保证译文本身是一个生气灌注或文学性很高的有机整体,把传移模写、骨法用笔、经营位置等其他"五法"作为实现总体目标的具体途径.文学翻译"六法"主要涉及文气或文学性、再现与变通、文笔与译笔、章法与句法、象似性与形式要素、修辞色彩与情感色彩等话题,对文学翻译实践与批评不无启发.文学翻译"六法"不仅是翻译的方法与原则,也可以视为文学翻译批评的一个操作性框架,有望为中国特色翻译理论增添些许活力.
"Six Principles"of Literary Translation Derived from Xie He's"Six Principles"of Painting
Translation theories with Chinese characteristics refer to those that are based on discursive and theoretical resources in traditional Chinese philosophy,aesthetics,literary theories,painting theories,calligraphy theories,kongfu culture and so on.These resources are increasingly emphasized by translation scholars in China in the context of promoting the confidence of Chinese literati in Chinese theories and cultures.Relevant achievements like compositional translatology put forward by Pan Wenguo,harmonizing heterogenesis translatology put forward by Wu Zhijie,Yi-Translatology by Chen Dongcheng and so on are rather noteworthy by tapping into resources from traditional Chinese philosophy and literary theories.Traditional Chinese painting theories are also well-developed and might shed some light on constructing translation theories with Chinese characteristics.Fu Lei's"similarity in spirit"(shensi),which originates from traditional Chinese painting theory,is a telling example.Xie He's"six principles"of painting written about 1,500 years ago are also highly relevant to literary creation and translation,but up to now little attention has been paid to his painting theory by translation scholars.Thus,this paper tries to transplant Xie He's"six principles"of painting into literary translation by endowing them with some different connotations,hoping to make a little contribution to the construction of translation theories with Chinese characteristics.The first principle"vitalizing force and charm"(qiyun shengdong)is commonly regarded as the ultimate aim of traditional painting,which places emphasis on the overall esthetic effect of painting.The other five principles like"reproduction and imitation"(chuanyi moxie),"lean brushwork"(gufa yongbi),"arrangement of position"(jingying weizhi)are specific ways to realize the ultimate aim.When transplanted in literary translation,the first principle"vitalizing force and charm"means to ensure the translated work is an organic whole infused with literary force(wenqi)or with high literariness by the translator.The literary force of the translated work derives both from the original author and the translator,and consequently is a fusion of their creative efforts."Reproduction and imitation",regarded as the second principle,is almost completely compatible with literary translation which is always viewed as an art of reproduction.Apart from faithful reproduction,this principle also demands the translator's creativity and adaptive skills.The third principle"lean brushwork"in literary translation metaphorically refers to the writing style(wenbi)of the translator as is shown in the translated work,which is always a fusion of the author and the translator's style,whether the translator is conscious of it or not.The fourth principle"arrangement of position"concerns the reproduction or rearrangement of structure of the whole work,its paragraphs,its sentences,phrases and words,placing emphasis on the adherence to conventions of target poetics in order to satisfy the needs of target readers.The fifth principle"depicting shapes according to real things"(yingwu xiangxing)mainly involves the reproduction of the iconicity in the original work,like iconicity in sound,number,order and shape etc.The last principle"using different colors according to different things"(suilei fucai)metaphorically refers to the intentional enhancement of emotional atmosphere,rhetorical effects and the like in the original work.It should be noted that these"six principles"can be applied not only in literary translation practice but also in literary translation criticism.In both fields,the translator's adaptive creativity,which is not necessarily in conflict with faithfulness,should be encouraged and recognized.

Xie He's"six principles"of paintingliterary translationliterary forcetranslation theories with Chinese characteristics

冯全功

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浙江大学 外国语学院,浙江 杭州 310058

谢赫绘画"六法" 文学翻译 文气 中国特色翻译理论

浙江省哲学社会科学规划之江青年专项课题2023年度浙江省哲学社会科学领军人才培育课题2023年度浙江省哲学社会科学领军人才培育课题子课题

24ZJQN008Y23YJRC01ZD23YJRC01ZD-3YB

2024

浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)
浙江大学

浙江大学学报(人文社会科学版)

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.431
ISSN:1008-942X
年,卷(期):2024.54(10)