注意缺陷多动障碍患儿面部表情识别能力及其神经心理机制
Facial expression recognition ability and its neuropsychological mechanisms in children with attention deficit and hyperactive disorder
陈依 1麻烨 1范晓莉 1吕佳敏 1杨荣旺2
作者信息
- 1. 浙江大学医学院,浙江 杭州 310058
- 2. 浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院心理科,浙江 杭州 310052
- 折叠
摘要
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种以注意力不集中、多动冲动和工作记忆缺陷为特征的慢性神经发育障碍.社交障碍是ADHD患儿面临的主要挑战之一.研究发现ADHD患儿在面部表情识别(FER)任务中的表现通常不如正常发育的儿童.虽然部分研究表明在特定表情识别的准确性上,ADHD患儿与正常发育儿童相比未见明显差异,但总体来看,他们在FER中显示出一定的困难.这些困难的神经心理机制如下:①神经解剖学方面:ADHD患儿的杏仁核和内侧额叶区域显示出较小的灰质体积和表面积,以及部分额叶白质纤维束的轴突/细胞的密度和体积减小;②神经生理学方面:ADHD患儿的脑电图表现出慢波活动增加,在面对面部刺激时情绪调节和对愤怒面孔的反应上有异常;③心理学方面:心理社会压力可能会影响ADHD患儿的FER能力,且ADHD患儿睡眠剥夺可能导致其对悲伤和愤怒等负面表情的识别阈值显著提高.本文对近三年来有关ADHD患儿FER能力的研究进行检索和整理,从神经解剖学、神经生理学以及心理学机制三个维度分析ADHD患儿的FER缺陷,以期为ADHD的深入研究和临床治疗提供新的视角.
Abstract
Attention deficit and hyperactive disorder(ADHD)is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention,hyperactivity-impulsivity,and working memory deficits.Social dysfunction is one of the major challenges faced by children with ADHD.It has been found that children with ADHD can't perform as well as typically developing children on facial expression recognition(FER)tasks.Generally,children with ADHD have some difficulties in FER,while some studies suggest that they have no significant differences in accuracy of specific emotion recognition compared with typically developing children.The neuropsychological mechanisms underlying these difficulties are as follows.First,neuroanatomically.Compared to typically developing children,children with ADHD show smaller gray matter volume and surface area in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex regions,as well as reduced density and volume of axons/cells in certain frontal white matter fiber tracts.Second,neurophysiologically.Children with ADHD exhibit increased slow-wave activity in their electroencephalogram,and event-related potential studies reveal abnormalities in emotional regulation and responses to angry faces when facing facial stimuli.Third,psychologically.Psychosocial stressors may influence FER abilities in children with ADHD,and sleep deprivation in ADHD children may significantly increase their recognition threshold for negative expressions such as sadness and anger.This article reviews research progress over the past three years on FER abilities of children with ADHD,analyzing the FER deficit in children with ADHD from three dimensions:neuroanatomy,neurophysiology and psychology,aiming to provide new perspectives for further research and clinical treatment of ADHD.
关键词
注意缺陷多动障碍/面部表情识别/神经解剖学/神经生理学/心理学/综述Key words
Attention deficit and hyperactive disorder/Facial expression recognition/Neuroanatomy/Neurophysiology/Psychology/Review引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(81973060)
国家自然科学基金(62371422)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据