Advances on T cell immunity in bone remodeling and bone regeneration
Bone remodeling and bone regeneration are essential for preserving skeletal integrity and maintaining mineral homeostasis.T cells,as key members of adaptive immunity,play a pivotal role in bone remodeling and bone regeneration by producing a range of cytokines and growth factors.In the physiological state,T cells are involved in the maintenance of bone homeostasis through interactions with mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,and osteoclasts.In pathological states,T cells participate in the pathological process of different types of osteoporosis through interaction with estrogen,glucocorticoids,and parathyroid hormone.During fracture healing for post-injury repair,T cells play different roles during the inflammatory hematoma phase,the bone callus formation phase and the bone remodeling phase.Targeting T cells thus emerges as a potential strategy for regulating bone homeostasis.This article reviews the research progress on related mechanisms of T cells immunity involved in bone remodeling and bone regeneration,with a view to providing a scientific basis for targeting T cells to regulate bone remodeling and bone regeneration.
OsteoimmunologyT cellsAdaptive immunityBone remodelingBone regenerationOsteoporosisUnion of fractureReview