Determination of Seaworthiness of Autonomous Water Surface Ships at Sea
Seaworthiness is an ancient core concept in maritime law,aimed at ensuring the safety of ships and cargo.It is also an evolving concept,continuously enriched in line with advancements in shipping technology and the needs of shipping practice.The UK Supreme Court has recently reaffirmed that the"prudent carrier"standard should be adopted to assess seaworthiness,a standard that remains applicable in the era of maritime autonomous surface ships.The existing legal framework established by the Hague Rules and Hague-Visby Rules can still be applied to determine the seaworthiness of autonomous surface ships with minimal adjustments.However,new regulations are necessary to address issues such as adequate and effective manning of maritime autonomous surface ships when existing rules are applied by analogy.Additionally,the impact of emerging entities,such as remote operation centres and remote controllers,on the determination of seaworthiness requires further study as conditions evolve.
Maritime autonomous surface ship(MASS)determination of seaworthinessremote operation centre(ROC)remote controllerdue diligence
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