In 1044,the continued implementation of the New Deal by the reformers like Fan Zhongyan triggered party strife between the new party and the old one.This party strife has a profound origin and distinctive characteristics.At this critical time,through reflecting on several partisan struggles in history,Ouyang Xiu wrote the article On Partisanship and reported it to the emperor,and put forward a theoretical understanding of the party issue.
the Qingli Partisan StruggleOuyang XiuOn Partisanship