摘要
为探索施用腐熟蚕豆秸秆替代化肥对水稻生长及养分吸收的影响,掌握"鲜食蚕豆+优质水稻"轮作模式下秸秆资源利用的最佳模式,开展等氮条件下蚕豆秸秆不同比例替代化肥对水稻产量及养分吸收、土壤理化性质的影响的研究.结果表明,与 CK(不施肥)相比,CF(常规施肥)、CF50(50%基肥替代)及 CF20(20%基肥替代)对水稻产量提升最显著,其中 CF20(20%基肥替代)和 CF50(50%基肥替代)水稻产量与 CF(常规施肥)水稻产量无明显差异;CF10(10%基肥替代)水稻籽粒中的全氮含量占比显著高于 CK(不施肥)和 CF(常规施肥);CF50(50%基肥替代)土壤中碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量与 CF(常规施肥)差异显著,改善了土壤养分状况.综合考虑,丽水地区"鲜食蚕豆+优质水稻"种植模式下,蚕豆季结束后腐熟秸秆替代化肥比例控制在 20%左右可实现水稻季稳产,腐熟秸秆替代化肥比例控制在 20%～50%可有效提高土壤肥力.
Abstract
To explore the effects of decomposed broad bean straw as a substitute for chemical fertilizers on rice growth and nutrient absorption,and to determine the optimal use of straw resources under the"fresh broad bean+high-quality rice"rotation system,a field experiment was conducted.This study investigated the impact of different proportions of broad bean straw replacing chemical fertilizers on rice yield,nutrient absorption,and soil physical and chemical properties under equivalent nitrogen conditions.The results showed that compared with CK(no fertilizer),CF(conventional fertilization),CF50(50%base fertilizer replacement)and CF20(20%base fertilizer replacement)significantly increased rice yield,with no significant difference in rice yield among CF20(20%base fertilizer replacement),CF50(50%base fertilizer replacement),and CF(conventional fertilization).The total nitrogen content in rice grains was significantly higher in CF10(10%base fertilizer replacement),compared with CK(no fertilizer)and CF(conventional fertilization).Soil alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium content in CF50(50%base fertilizer replacement)differed significantly from CF(conventional fertilization),indicating an improvement in soil nutrient status.In summary,for the"fresh broad bean+high-quality rice"planting system in the Lishui area,controlling the proportion of decomposed broad bean straw used as a fertilizer substitute to around 20%after the broad bean season can stabilize rice yield.Controlling the substitution proportion to 20%-50%can effectively improve soil fertility.
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