The Northern dynasties marked an important stage in the standardization of epitaph writing.The content and structure of epitaphs gradually became more formulaic,with a clearer functional division be-tween the preface and the inscription.In comparison to the epitaph writing of previous stages,the writers of Northern dynasties began to consciously navigate the delicate balance between truth and exaggeration,formali-zation and personalization,as well as the preface and the inscription.This grasp of the tension significantly de-termined the fundamental features of Northern dynasties epitaph literature and established the historical and lit-erary value of this genre.
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