首页|论自身关系——关于德国古典哲学遗产的思考

论自身关系——关于德国古典哲学遗产的思考

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以往从马克思主义哲学角度看,德国古典哲学遗产主要是指黑格尔的辩证法,但也有一条贯穿于德国古典哲学的思想线索,即自身关系思想.这一思想既是反映事物本质内涵的思想内容,又是一种认识事物本质的思维方法.它是理解黑格尔辩证法理论及其应用的内在机理,应作为遗产加以挖掘.自身关系作为问题是在康德哲学中提出来的,其实质是如何解决物自体的不可知问题.费希特通过自我设定行动,在自我与非我之间建立了意识的自身关系,才实现了自我本质认识.谢林则以绝对自我的能动性建立了纯粹意识的自身关系,进而达到对绝对本质的直观.黑格尔在前人的基础上,通过把意识的自身关系改造为概念或实体的自身关系;于是概念或实体便在自身关系的框架中以自身分化和自身扬弃、自身规定和自身否定、自身联系和自身转化等方式建立了庞大的逻辑学体系,以达到绝对理念的认识.
On Self-Relationship——Reflections on the Legacy of German Classical Philosophy
From the perspective of Marxist philosophy,the legacy of German classical philosophy has primarily been associated with Hegel's dialectics.However,there is another significant thread run-ning through German classical philosophy:the concept of self-relationship.This thought serves as both a reflection of the essential nature of things and a cognitive methodology to grasp the essence of phe-nomena.It constitutes the inherent mechanism for comprehending Hegel's dialectics and its applica-tions,thereby warranting thorough excavation as a significant part of this intellectual heritage.The issue of self-relationship was initially posed within Kant's philosophy,where it pertained to resolving the problem of the unknowable thing-in-itself.Fichte achieved self-essence recognition by establishing a self-relation between the ego and the non-ego within consciousness through self-positing actions.Schelling,on the other hand,developed this concept through the dynamic agency of the absolute ego,establishing a self-relation within pure consciousness that led to the intuitive grasp of the absolute es-sence.Building upon these foundations,Hegel transformed the self-relation of consciousness into that of concepts or entities.Within this framework,concepts or entities established a vast logical system through processes of self-differentiation,self-sublation,self-stipulation,self-negation,self-connec-tion,and self-transformation,aiming to achieve an understanding of the absolute idea.

self-relationshipthe legacy of German classical philosophyFichteHegeldialectics

王国坛、郭秋晨

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辽宁大学哲学院(沈阳110136)

自身关系 德国古典哲学 费希特 黑格尔 辩证法

国家社会科学基金项目2022年辽宁省科学技术厅支持中国医科大学高质量发展资助项目

19ZX025辽科发[2022]54号

2024

浙江社会科学
浙江省社会科学界联合会

浙江社会科学

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.677
ISSN:1004-2253
年,卷(期):2024.(7)