A Study on the Effects of Different Materials of Yoga Mats on Key Biomechanical Indexes of Mat Exercise in Women
Objective:To analyze the lower limb biomechanical effects of yoga mats of different materials on women's on-mat fitness movements by comparing four different materials of yoga mats,namely,EVA,NBR,PU+NR and TPE,and to explore the cushioning and support stability of yoga mats of different materials.Methods:Twenty-four healthy female college students without any lower limb injuries in the last six months were selected,and the box jumping single-leg landing test was used for the cushioning test evaluation,and the yoga single-leg support test was used for the stability test evaluation.The Vicon three-dimensional motion capture system and AMTI three-di-mensional force platform test system were used to synchronize the acquisition of lower limb kinematics and dynamics parameters of the landing movement;the Footscan flat plate plantar pressure test system was used to acquire the pressure parameters of various regions of the plantar foot in the single-leg support movement.Results:①There were significant differences in several kinematic and kinetic parameters of the knee and ankle joints when landing on yoga mats made of different materials(P<0.05).the ankle valgus angle and vertical ground reaction force of NBR mats were significantly greater than those of PU+NR mats,the knee inversion moments of PU+NR mats were sig-nificantly smaller than those of NBR mats and TPE mats,and the knee internal rotation moments of PU+NR mats were significantly smaller than those of TPE mats.②There were significant differences in the effects of different ma-terials of yoga mats on plantar pressure,peak pressure and displacement of the center of pressure(P<0.05).In the 1st phalanx area,the plantar pressure and peak pressure of the NBR mat were significantly smaller than those of the PU+NR mat and the TPE mat;in the 2nd to 5th phalanx area,the peak pressure of the NBR mat was significantly smaller than that of the PU+NR mat;in the medial heel area,the peak pressure of the NBR mat was significantly larger than that of the EVA,PU+NR,and TPE mats;and the EVA yoga mat had the smallest average displacement of the anterior-posterior side of the body on the Y-axis,which differed significantly from that of the other three types of yoga mats.Significant differences were found between EVA and the other three yoga mats.Conclusion:①The excessive ankle valgus angle,knee abduction moment,and vertical ground reaction force of NBR yoga mats may result in a greater risk of lower limb joint injuries,while the good cushioning performance of PU+NR yoga mats can absorb the impact of the landing to a greater extent,which can help to reduce the landing load of the knee joint.②The maximum pressure peak of the NBR yoga mat appears on the inner side of the heel,which increases the risk of o-ver-turning of the foot;the maximum pressure peak of the PU+NR yoga mat is mainly distributed in the toe bone area,metatarsal area,and heel area,which is conducive to the coordination of the plantar muscles in the support mode;the displacement amplitude of the pressure center of the EVA yoga mat in the anterior-posterior direction is small,which helps to maintain the stability of the single-legged support movement.
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