Study on effect and related mechanism of volatile oil constituents of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma in ameliorating symptoms of Al-zheimer's disease
Objective To investigate effects and related mechanism of volatile oil constituents of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma(β-asarone,α-asarone and eugenol)in ameliorating symptoms of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 rats in each group.AD model was induced by intracranial injection of amyloidβ-protein(Aβ)1-42(1 μg/μL),and 0.9％sodium chloride was given to control group.After modeling,the rats of β-asarone group,α-asarone group and eugenol group were administrated by gavage with 50 mg/kg β-asarone,α-asarone or eugenol once a day for 21 d continuously,respectively;while equal volume of olive oil was given to control group and model group.Behavioral tests were conducted by open field test,Y maze test,and Morris water maze test.HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of rat brain tissues.Aβ and microtubule-associated protein(TAU)were detected by immunohistochemistry.Im-munofluorescence was performed to observe ionized calcium blinding adaptor molecule 1(Iba1)and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)expression in cortical and hippocampal regions of rat brain.ELISA was applied to examine IL-1 β,IL-6,and TNF-α levels.The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y(PPARγ)and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)mRNA and protein expression were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results Compared with control group,the AD rats of model group exhibited reduced spatial learning and cognitive memory abilities,severely damaged neuronal cells.There were higher Aβ,TAU,IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α,Iba1,and GFAP expression in brain tissues,and lower PPARγ and Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression levels in AD rats of model group compared to control group(all P＜0.05).Compared with model group,β-asarone,α-asarone and eugenol significantly improved spatial learning and cognitive memory abilities of AD rats,attenuated neuronal damage of brain tissues,decreased Aβ and TAU,IL-1 β,IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in brain tissues,as well as Iba1 and GFAP expression in cortical and hippocampal areas,and elevated PPARγ and Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression levels in rat brain tissues(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Volatile oil constituents of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma are effective in improving symptoms of AD rats,which might be associated with activating PPARγ and Nrf2 expression and inhibiting inflammatory response.
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