摘要
氢液化装置对于推动氢的大规模应用至关重要.介绍了中国首个 5 t/d氢液化装置的技术特点及研发进程.该装置直接利用氢气作为制冷工质,采用带LN2 预冷的双压克劳德氢气制冷循环来液化氢气,正-仲氢转化方式为 80K液氮温度下的等温转化结合 80K以下温区的连续正-仲氢转化,具有氢液化循环效率高、能耗低、正-仲氢转化效率高的优点.主要设备包括两个串级使用往复式无油氢压缩机、一个真空绝热冷箱(直径为 3.2 m、长为11 m)及液氢储罐.其中真空绝热冷箱内的主要设备包括 4台串联使用的氢气透平膨胀机、多级低温换热器、多级正仲氢转化器、低温控制阀门等.通过流程优化设计,该装置的氢液化能力为 5 t/d,比能耗设计值为11 kW·h/kg.目前氢压缩机、氢液化冷箱已完成制造,即将进行系统调试及运行.
Abstract
Hydrogen liquefaction plants are crucial for promoting the large-scale application of hydrogen.The technical features and development progress of the first 5 t/d hydrogen liquefaction unit in China are introduced.The hydrogen lique-faction unit directly uses hydrogen as a refrigerant,employing a dual-pressure Claude cycle with LN2 precooling to liquefy hydrogen.The ortho-para hydrogen conversion process is facilitated through a combination of isothermal conversion at 80 K using nitrogen as the cooling medium,and continuous ortho-para conversion at temperatures below 80 K.It provides the ad-vantages of high hydrogen liquefaction cycle efficiency,low energy consumption,and high ortho-para conversion efficiency.The main equipment includes two sets of cascade reciprocating oil-free hydrogen compressor units,a vacuum insulated cold box with a diameter of 3.2 meters and a length of 11 meters,and a liquid hydrogen storage tank.The main equipment in the vacuum insulated cold box includes four hydrogen turbine expanders,multi-stage low-temperature heat exchangers,multi-stage ortho-para hydrogen converters,and low-temperature control valves.Through the process optimization design,the hy-drogen liquefaction capacity is 5 t/d,and the designed specific energy consumption is 11 kW·h/kg.At present,the hydrogen compressors and hydrogen liquefaction cold box have been manufactured.The system commissioning and operation will be carried out soon.
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