The 24-hour rhythmic changes in physiology,biochemistry,and behavior of living organisms are called circadian rhythms or biological clocks.The generation and maintenance of circadian rhythms are the result of a series of regulatory effects related to circadian clock genes.The core circadian clock molecules PER/CTY and BMAL1/CLOCK regulate the transcription of thousands of biological clock genes,keeping the peripheral circadian clock synchronized with the central circadian clock and affecting the metabolic rhythm.The changes in metabolic rhythm affect the rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes through the output of metabolites or the action of metabolic related enzymes and proteins.Therefore,frequent disruption of life patterns can cause disturbances in the circadian clock and metabolic rhythm,ultimately leading to aging and the occurrence and development of a series of metabolic diseases.Regular and healthy lifestyle is crucial for maintaining normal circadian rhythms and health.Dietary interventions(food quantity,food quaility,feeding time,and fasting)can align or reset the circadian clock and metabolic rhythm,and have become attractive methods for alleviating age-related physical decline and chronic diseases.
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