"去风险"视域下欧盟人工智能战略的推进及影响——以《人工智能法案》为例
Advancement and Impact of EU's Artificial Intelligence Strategy from the Perspective of"De-risking":the Artificial Intelligence Act as a Case Study
宋黎磊 1陈悦2
作者信息
- 1. 同济大学政治与国际关系学院
- 2. 同济大学2024级政治与国际关系学院
- 折叠
摘要
近年来,欧盟的经济安全政策愈发受到地缘政治的影响,在"去风险"框架下强调增强抵御外部风险的能力以及确保共同体在全球竞争中不落人后,其中以人工智能为代表的高端技术为重点防范领域.2024年3月13日,欧盟《人工智能法案》最终经欧洲议会批准,是目前世界上最早出台的具有较强约束力的系统性法案.法案在监管体系、监管范围、监管机制和监管理念等多个层面都呈现出欧盟特性且富有创新性.此法进一步彰显了欧盟在人工智能和经济安全领域"去风险"的决心,标志着欧盟在提升全球数字经济影响力方面迈出的重要一步.然而,欧盟严苛的人工智能法案在执行有效性、制度竞争性和规则扩散性三个层面将对我国的经济与科技发展带来不小的挑战,甚至可能形成某种制度性打压.在此背景下,我国需要以欧盟法案作为立法借鉴并且积极在联合国框架下促成人工智能全球治理,推动人工智能技术的健康和可持续发展,实现共同繁荣.
Abstract
In recent years,the EU's economic security policy has been increasingly affected by geopolitical changes.Under the framework of"de-risking",the EU has emphasized on enhancing its ability to resist external risks and ensuring that the community does not fall behind in global competition,among which the high-end technology represented by artificial intelligence is a key area of prevention.The EU's Artificial Intelligence Act,approved by the European Parliament on 13 March 2024,is the first systemic act with strong binding force in the world.This Act is innovative in many aspects,from regulatory system,scope,mechanism,to concept.The AI Act further demonstrates the EU's determination to"de-risk"in the fields of technology and economic security,marking an important step taken by the EU in increas-ing its influence in the global digital economy.However,the EU's stringent act will bring considerable challenges to China's economic and technological development in terms of implementation effectiveness,institutional competitiveness and rule diffusion,and may even form some kind of institutional suppression to China.In this context,China needs to take the EU Act as a legislative reference and actively promote the global governance of AI under the framework of United Nations,in order to advance a healthy and sustainable development of AI technology and achieve common prosperity.
关键词
去风险/经济安全/人工智能法案/技术治理Key words
De-risking/Economic Security/European Union Artificial Intelligence Act/Technology Governance引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据