美国涉华"虚假信息战"建构、演进与效应——以特朗普政府为例
Trump Administration's China-related Disinformation Warfare:Motives,Evolution and Effects
刘鸣1
作者信息
摘要
"虚假信息战"正在成为当今国际竞争的主要权力斗争形式之一,特朗普政府涉华"虚假信息战"是颠覆美对华接触战略、构建全面竞争战略的重要手段与加速器.其主要路径是通过对西方主要信念、观念逻辑的异化解读与叙事,来定性中国发展模式、内外政策及战略与国际社会规范及美国战略利益的对立性、冲突性,构建敌对化的对华战略认知结构,顺势推动全面竞争战略.其具体表现形式是,用意识形态化的叙事诋毁中国改革开放成就,臆造中美互惠合作及人文交流的恶性意图,以华为与政府"情报合作"的虚妄假定为理由打压中国高科技企业在国际上的发展空间,用似是而非的材料夸大"一带一路"对美国的地缘政治挑战,削弱"一带一路"的影响.由于中美不对称的国际话语结构及西方受众受其价值观的影响,涉华"虚假信息战"在凝聚西方疑华、遏华认知与对华竞争战略上取得了一定成效.对此,中国需要保持战略定力,坚持改革开放、和平崛起的总目标,提升对外"讲故事"的能力,争取一定程度上化解对中国的种种不实战略认知,重塑中国文明大国与国际社会贡献者的话语结构.
Abstract
The disinformation warfare has increasingly become a part of the power competi-tion,and the Trump Administration used China-related disinformation warfare as an important means to accelerate the replacement of engagement strategy by comprehensive competition with China.Its main path,through the interpretation and narratives of the West's principal beliefs and concepts,was to re-define the nature of contradiction and conflict between China and America in terms of development model domestic and foreign policy,and strategic inter-ests,while constructing a structure of strategic rival perception of China.The concrete formats include three aspects:to fabricate malignant intention of China's reform and open door policy;to falsely accuse Huawei of intelligence cooperation with Chinese government,which turned into an excuse for suppressing the development of China's hi-tech corporations;to provide false data to overstate the geo-political challenge of the Belt and Road Initiative.Owning to the asymmetric international discourse structure between China and the West,as well as heavy influence of values on the Western audience,such China-related disinformation warfare has achieved certain results in condensing the West's suspicion of China,and hence their contain-ment and its competition strategy against China.In this regard,China needs to pertain its stra-tegic power and adhere to the overall goal of reform,opening up,and peaceful rise,enhance the ability of"storytelling"to the outside world,strive to resolve the false strategic percep-tions of China,and ultimately rebuild the discourse structure of China as a civilized major power and a contributor to the international community.
关键词
虚假信息/战略认知/意识形态化/胁迫手段/认知战Key words
Disinformation/Strategic Cognition/Ideologization/Coercive Measures/Cognitive Warfare引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据