Research Progress on Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Cancer
Intracellular liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS)is a common phenomenon in the for-mation of membraneless organelles in eukaryotic cells.It spontaneously separates a homogeneous solution into two or more coexisting phases(dilute and concentrated),causing specific molecules to be concentrated at specific locations,thus forming a heterogeneous environment.It has been shown that LLPS is closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of malignant tu-mors(leukemia,breast cancer,sarcoma,etc.).It is involved in various biological activities of ma-lignant tumors,including cell proliferation,invasion and metastasis.Here,we review the mecha-nisms of LLPS formation,focusing on the phase transition to form biomolecular condensates driv-en by multivalent molecules and the link between phase separation and cancer-related processes to provide new insight for cancer treatment.
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