Research Progress on Lactylation and 2-Hydroxyisobutyrylation in Tumor
As a major mechanism of epigenetic regulation,post-translational modification of histones can regulate heritable gene expression by adding small molecule chemical groups through acetylation,methy-lation or phosphorylation,to histone-specific sites by covalent bonding without altering the DNA se-quence.These modifications constitute the histone code,which regulates chromatin opening in real time,thereby affecting protein structure,function,activity,and stability.The discovery of a series of novel histone modifications,such as lactylation and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation,has further increased the com-plexity of the epigenetic regulation of the histone code,and aberrant alterations in histones and various modifying enzymes can promote tumorigenesis by inducing the epigenetic and transcriptome.This paper summarizes the discovery of histone lactylation and 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation modifications and related en-zymes,the association between these two modifications and tumorigenesis.The in-depth study of these novel modifications may be conducive to exploring the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer.
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