弹性波传播对列车撞击动力学特性影响研究
Role of elastic wave propagation on dynamic characteristics of train under a collision
李佳霖 1龚晓波 2于尧 1高广军 1李健1
作者信息
- 1. The State Key Laboratory of Heavy-duty and Express High-power Electric Locomotive,Changsha 410075,China;Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Changsha 410075,China
- 2. CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266031,China
- 折叠
摘要
在列车撞击动力学中,简化的刚体模型被广泛应用于研究列车耐撞性,以及进一步优化列车在冲击载荷下的能量分布.然而忽略弹性波传播对列车耐撞性能的影响尚不清楚.为了解决这一问题,本文建立了简化的一维弹性车体模型,并研究了弹性波传播对列车能量耗散以及动力学特性的影响.基于经典的弹性波传播理论,提出了一种密度及弹性模量缩比准则,使一维弹性车体的运动特性与其横截面积无关.讨论了弹性波传播速度对不同冲击速度下三节编组列车在冲击工况下的能量吸收、弹性能储存以及车体最终的等效平衡速度的影响.研究发现,当弹性波的传播速度约为3500 m/s时,一维弹性车体与实际列车模型的一致性最好.在初始冲击速度为10、15和20 m/s时,简化的一维弹性模型吸能量与实际列车模型相比误差仅为2.56%、1.84%和1.45%,而简化的刚性模型能量吸收量比实际列车模型高10.7%、12.4%和14.8%,刚性模型显著高估了列车的能量吸收量.我们的研究结果可以促进列车在碰撞条件下的耐撞性设计和优化.
Abstract
Simplified rigid model of railway vehicles has been frequently utilized to examine train crashworthiness and to further optimize the energy distribution under a train collision.However,the effect of ignoring the elastic wave propagation on train crashworthiness performance is unclear.To address this limitation,a simplified one-dimensional elastic model is constructed and the effect of elastic wave propagation on energy absorption and dynamic characteristics of the train is investigated.Based on the classical elastic wave propagation theory,a law of scaling the density and elastic modulus accordingly to achieve the rod motion independence on its cross-sectional area is proposed.Then,the effect of elastic wave propagation speed on the energy absorption,stored elastic energy,and equilibrium velocity for a three-car-marshaling train collision under different impact velocities is discussed.It is found that the elastic wave propagation speed of approximately 3500 m/s has the best accordance with the real train model.The relative errors of absorbed energy of the simplified one-dimensional elastic model in comparison to that of the real train mode are only 2.56%,1.84%and 1.45%under initial impact velocity 10 m/s,15 m/s,20 m/s,while the absorbed energy of the simplified rigid model is 10.7%,12.4%and 14.8%higher than that of the real train model,illustrating that the rigid model significantly overestimates the absorbed energy.Our results can advance the crashworthiness design and optimization of the train under collisions.
关键词
列车碰撞/弹性波传播/简化模型/能量吸收Key words
train collision/elastic wave propagation/simplified model/energy absorption引用本文复制引用
基金项目
National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4300101)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(5197052262)
出版年
2023
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据