Firstly,analysis of the microscopic process of water molecule adsorption by ion-exchange membranes was carried out and the mass transfer kinetics of ion-electrically active polymers in the context of cluster structure was revealed.Secondly,physical model based on the geometrical deformation characteristics and deformation mass transfer mechanism was established,and the force on the clusters was studied based on the dissolution theory.Finally,the obtained model was experimentally validated and analytically discussed.The results show that the proposed actuation model result matches well with the experimental result.The water content has an important influence on the formation of cluster channels in ion exchange membranes,and the migration of cations and the movement of water molecules are the main controlling factors leading to the actuation of ion exchange membranes.The hydrostatic,osmotic and electrostatic pressures increase with the increase of the cation and water molecule concentrations,and the osmotic pressure plays dominant role in the bending and deformation of ion-electrically active polymers.
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