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铜冶炼烟尘金属分离及资源回收研究进展

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以铜冶炼烟尘为研究对象，分析其理化及矿物学性质，对比铜冶炼烟尘金属分离与回收方法，包括碳热还原法、硫酸浸出法、碱性浸出法和湿法-火法联合工艺，总结各方法的原理、典型工艺、现状和存在问题，阐述非常规冶金方法在铜冶炼烟尘金属分离中的应用，展望铜冶炼烟尘资源回收的发展方向。研究结果表明:铜冶炼烟尘中砷、铜、锌含量受冶炼工艺、原矿品质的影响，不同元素赋存形态存在差异。碳热还原法可以通过金属砷酸盐和氧化物分解的方式释放砷，从而实现砷与其他有价金属的分离;硫酸浸出法可以高效浸提铜冶炼烟尘中的金属，实现多元素的回收;碱性浸出法可选择性浸提砷;湿法-火法联合工艺结合了火法工艺选择性分离砷和湿法工艺高效提取金属的优点，对于复杂高砷铜冶炼烟尘处理具有优势。铜冶炼烟尘兼具资源属性和环境风险，实现清洁生产及多金属资源化利用仍是关键，砷的无害化处置与锌、铜、铅等有价金属的高效协同回收工艺及分离机制、全过程物质流与环境效应是铜冶炼烟尘资源回收的发展方向。
Research progress on metal separation and resource recovery of copper smelting dust
Based on copper smelting dust,the physicochemical and mineralogical properties were elucidated.The separation and recovery methods of metals from copper smelting dust were compared,mainly including carbothermal reduction process,sulfuric acid leaching,alkaline leaching method,and combined treatment process of hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy.The principle,typical processes,the present situation and existing problems of each method were analyzed and summarized.Moreover,the application of unconventional metallurgical methods for the separation of copper smelting dust was expounded.The development direction of resource recovery of copper smelting dust was prospected.The results show that the contents of arsenic,copper and zinc in copper smelting dust are affected by the smelting process and raw material quality,and the occurrence forms of different elements vary.For the treatments of copper smelting dust,the carbothermal reduction method can release arsenic through the decomposition of metal arsenate and oxide to achieve the separation of arsenic from other valuable metals.The sulfuric acid leaching method can efficiently extract metals from the dust to realize the recovery of multiple elements.The alkaline leaching method can selectively extract arsenic.The advantages of selective separation of arsenic via the pyrometallurgical process and efficient extraction of metal via the hydrometallurgical process can be combined by the pyrometallurgical-hydrometallurgical processes,which is suitable for the treatment of complex copper smelting dust containing high arsenic.Copper smelting dust has both resource properties and environmental risks.It is still the key to achieve cleaner production and multiple resource utilization.The harmless disposal of arsenic,the efficient collaborative recovery process and separation mechanism of zinc,copper,lead and other valuable metals,the material flow of whole process and environmental effects are the development direction of copper smelting dust resource recovery.

copper smeltingflue dustresource recoverypyrometallurgy methodhydrometallurgical process

蔡兵、陶雷、王郎郎、王学谦、田森林、宁平、王润东

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昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明,650500

云南锡业股份有限公司铜业分公司,云南个旧,661000

安庆师范大学资源环境学院,安徽安庆,246133

铜冶炼 烟尘 资源回收 火法 湿法

国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金云南省科技技术项目云南省科技技术项目云南省科技技术项目安庆师范大学高层次人才项目

520700905210012222266019202101BC070001-009202001AU070031202101BE070001-030211007

2024

10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2024.03.004

中南大学学报(自然科学版)
中南大学

中南大学学报(自然科学版)

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.938
ISSN：1672-7207
年,卷(期)：2024.55(3)
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