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湿法炼锌含铁溶液水热矿化沉铁行为研究

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在常规湿法炼锌过程中，采用黄钾铁矾法、针铁矿法除铁工艺时存在铁渣中铁质量分数低而锌质量分数高、渣量大、无害化处理成本高等难题，为此，本文开展湿法炼锌含铁溶液水热矿化沉铁行为研究。研究结果表明:升高反应温度有利于Fe3+水解生成赤铁矿(Fe2O3)，同时促进铁矾物相(MFe3(SO4)2(OH)6)向赤铁矿的转化，铁渣中铁质量分数显著升高;延长反应时间可提高Fe3+沉淀率，并使更多的黄钾铁矾(KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6)转化为赤铁矿;提高氧分压将加快Fe2+氧化成Fe3+的速率，促进赤铁矿物相的形成。在反应温度为180℃，氧分压为0。8 MPa、反应时间为3 h且控制碱金属离子浓度的优化条件下，溶液中94。29%的铁以赤铁矿(Fe2O3)形式沉淀入渣，沉铁渣中铁质量分数为57。75%、锌质量分数为0。82%。对比黄钾铁矾工艺，铁渣量减少约60%，铁渣中锌质量分数降低6。5%。采用水热矿化沉铁工艺，可在低酸条件下实现溶液中铁的矿化沉淀，得到铁质量分数满足氧化铁行业标准且可实现资源化利用的赤铁矿沉铁渣，可助力湿法炼锌行业向绿色低碳方向发展。
Study on hydrothermal mineralization and iron precipitation behavior in zinc hydrometallurgical process
In the process of conventional wet zinc smelting,there exist problems in the removal process of iron by jarosite method and goethite method,such as low iron mass fraction and high zinc mass fraction,large slag amount and high cost of harmless treatment.Therefore,the behavior of iron precipitation by hydrothermal mineralization of iron-containing solutions in wet zinc refining was studied in this paper.The results show that increasing the reaction temperature is conducive to the hydrolysis of Fe3+to form hematite(Fe2O3),while promoting the transformation of the iron alunite phase(MFe3(SO4)2(OH)6)to hematite,leading to a significant increase in iron mass fraction in the iron slag.Extending the reaction time can improve the Fe3+precipitation rate and transform more yellow potassium iron alunite(KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6)into hematite.Increasing the oxygen partial pressure can accelerate the oxidation rate of Fe2+to Fe3+,promoting the formation of hematite.Under optimized technical parameters of a reaction temperature of 180℃,oxygen partial pressure of 0.8 MPa,reaction time of 3 h,and controlled alkali metal ion concentration,94.29％of the iron in the solution precipitates into the slag in the form of hematite,with an iron mass fraction of 57.75％and zinc mass fraction of 0.82％in the iron slag.Compared with the yellow potassium iron alunite process,the amount of iron slag decreases by about 60％,and the zinc mass fraction in the iron slag decreases by 6.5％.The hydrothermal mineralization and iron precipitation process can achieve the mineralization and precipitation of iron in the solution under low acid conditions,leading to the production of iron slag containing hematite that meets the industry standards for iron oxide and can be used for resource utilization,and thus promotes the development of the wet zinc refining industry towards green low-carbon direction.

wet zinc smeltingiron-containing solutionhydrothermalmineralization iron precipitationiron phase control

李倡纹、李存兄、刘强、顾智辉、王启亮、宋健清

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昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明,650093

湿法炼锌 含铁溶液 水热 矿化沉铁 铁物相调控

国家自然科学基金云南省重点研发计划云南省重点研发计划云南省重点研发计划国家重点研发计划

52064034202202AB080005202202AG050025202302AB0800172021YFC2902801

2024

10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2024.04.004

中南大学学报(自然科学版)
中南大学

中南大学学报(自然科学版)

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.938
ISSN：1672-7207
年,卷(期)：2024.55(4)
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