摘要
为保障高速列车在大风环境下的行车安全,提出一种安装于列车背风侧、改善列车横风气动性能的新型气囊结构外形,以三车编组高速列车为基准,建立4种不同气囊-列车模型即气囊列车(模型Ⅰ)、增加气囊横向宽度(模型Ⅱ、Ⅲ)、增加气囊垂向宽度(模型Ⅳ).基于三维稳态SST k-ω双方程湍流模型,研究不同气囊模型作用下高速列车横风气动性能.研究结果表明:列车背风侧气囊改变了背风侧车体表面压力分布,列车横向力系数降低、升力系数增大,使得列车倾覆力矩系数减小,高速列车横风气动性能显著提升;随气囊横向宽度增加,列车横向力系数逐渐降低,而升力系数逐渐增大,模型Ⅲ的横风气动性能较优.相较于原始列车模型,模型Ⅲ的横向力系数减小7.09％,升力系数增加12.78％,模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的倾覆力矩系数分别降低8.43％、11.05％、13.15％;改变气囊垂向宽度对高速列车横风气动特性影响较小,模型Ⅳ倾覆力矩系数降低8.78％,与模型I的优化效果相近.
Abstract
In order to guarantee the safety of high-speed trains under crosswind,a new type of airbag structure installed on the leeward side of the train was proposed to improve the crosswind aerodynamic performance of the train.Based on a three car high-speed train,four different train-airbag models were established,i.e.,train with airbag(Model Ⅰ),increasing the lateral width of the airbag(Models Ⅱ and Ⅲ),and increasing the vertical width of the airbag(Model Ⅳ).Based on three-dimensional steady SST k-ω,two-equation turbulence model,the crosswind aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains in different airbag models were analyzed.The results show that the airbags on the leeward side of the train change the pressure distribution on the surface of the leeward side of the train,resulting in a decrease in the lateral force coefficient and an increase in the lift coefficient of the train,leading to a decrease in the overturning moment coefficient of the train and a significant improvement in the crosswind aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains.As the lateral width of the airbag increases,the lateral force coefficient of the train gradually decreases,while the lift coefficient gradually increases.Compared with the original train model,model Ⅲ has better crosswind aerodynamic performance,with a decrease of 7.09％in lateral force coefficient and an increase of 12.78％in lift coefficient,while models Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ reduce the overturning moment coefficient of high-speed trains by 8.43％,11.05％,and 13.15％,respectively.Changing the vertical width of the airbag has little effect on the crosswind aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains.Model Ⅳ can reduce the overturning moment coefficient of the high-speed train by 8.78％,which is similar to the optimization effect of Model Ⅰ.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0710903)
国家自然科学基金(52372370)
中国铁路乌鲁木齐局集团有限公司科技研发计划(2023-kj-90)
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据