Current situation analysis and suggestions on recycling technologies for materials contained in end-of-life crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules
End-of-life crystalline silicon photovoltaic(c-Si PV)modules contain both valuable materials and environmentally hazardous substances.Disposal of end-of-life c-Si PV modules by incineration and landfill is inappropriate,which is inconsistent with the idea of PV technology as a green and clean energy technology.On the contrary,recycling the materials contained in end-of-life c-Si PV modules offers significant environmental and economic benefits,which is conducive to the sustainable development of PV industry.Aiming at the high-value recycling of the materials contained in end-of-life c-Si PV modules,relevant literature at home and abroad was reviewed to summarize and analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the existing recycling technologies for different materials contained in end-of-life c-Si PV modules.Based on these,a technical path for the comprehensive recycling of the materials contained in end-of-life c-Si PV modules was proposed.Based on the structure and material characteristics of c-Si PV modules,a certain procedural combination of physical treatment,thermal treatment,and chemical treatment is used to recycle each material in the module.Firstly,aluminum frame and junction box are recovered by simple disassembly.Secondly,glass and backsheet are recovered by heating-assisted physical stripping and then EVA is pyrolyzed to recover the energy embedded in it.Thirdly,silicon cell fragments and ribbons are treated by hydrometallurgy or pyrometallurgy to recover Si and metal elements.These suggestions provide a reference for the PV recycling industry to develop low-cost,green,and high-efficiently recycling processes.
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