Progress of material-structure research on brake discs for lightweight high-speed trains
400 km/h high-speed train emergency braking of the strong thermal load,resulting in brake disc temperature rise,temperature distribution gradient and thermal attenuation of strong,has exceeded the limit that the steel brake disc can load,and the development of high-temperature and wear-resistant brake disc materials,while enhancing the brake disc ventilation and heat dissipation capacity becomes the bottleneck of the development of braking technology.Overview of high-speed brake disc materials from high-strength cast steel and forged steel,lightweight aluminium composite materials to high-temperature wear-resistant carbon ceramic composite materials and surface modification technology development process,with the deepening of carbon ceramic composite materials bench test and surface modification technology friction and wear test research,surface modified lightweight composites are the direction of the future development of brake disc materials.The development status of the optimisation of the structure and morphology of the heat dissipation rib in the internal heat dissipation layer of the ventilated brake disc and the improvement of the wear-resistant performance of the friction layer are outlined.The internal heat dissipation rib has gradually evolved from the design of the straight channel to the bending,strutting and fractal channel,and the open-worked structure can better accelerate the air flow and improve the heat dissipation.However,the complex ventilating structure and perforation and scribing increase the difficulty of the preparation process.It is proposed that the structural configuration design of high-speed brake discs needs to integrate the thermomechanical properties of the materials,the preparation process,and the demand for heat and wear resistance to form a material-structural-functional-constructive design concept,which can be used as a reference for the optimal design of higher-speed brake discs.
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