This paper discusses the application of distributed photovoltaic power generation system in scientific research buildings,based on the practical project of National Tropical Agricultural Science Center.Firstly,the advantages of distributed photovoltaic power generation system in scientific research buildings are analyzed.Then,the key technologies in practical application are introduced from the aspects of solar energy resource analysis,installation location of photovoltaic modules,selection of photovoltaic modules,selection of grid-connected inverters,grid-connected mode,power generation of photovoltaic system,lightning protection grounding system and design of photovoltaic power generation monitoring system.Finally,through theoretical calculation,it is proved that distributed photovoltaic power generation system has obvious energy saving and carbon reduction benefits,which further shows that its application in scientific research buildings has great development prospects and important practical significance.