Phenotypic traits diversity analysis and selection of superior clones of 69 apricot(Prunus mandshurica)clones
[Objective]In order to improve the efficiency of breeding varieties,explore excellent Prunus mandshurica clones and utilize them efficiently,we explored the genetic diversity of P.mandshurica germplasm resources and screened the key comprehensive evaluation indexes.[Method]The genetic diversity of 23 qualitative traits and 22 quantitative traits of 69 P.mandshurica clones were evaluated.Cluster analysis,correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to screen key comprehensive evaluation indexes and excellent clones.[Result]The coefficient of variation of 41 phenotypic traits of 69 P.mandshurica clones was greater than 0.1,indicating the diversity of fruit traits was rich.The mean of Shannon-wiener diversity index of quantitative traits(1.91)was greater than that in qualitative traits(0.62).It indicated that the diversity of quantitative traits was richer than that in qualitative traits.The 69 P.mandshurica clones were divided into three groups by clustering analysis.The characteristics of group A was thin shell and high yield.Group B belong to the excellent kernel apricot varieties,which had the characteristics of high-yield and large kernel varieties.Group C could be used as an important breeding material with high kernel rate and kernel rate.The results of correlation analysis showed that the clones with thin flesh and small fruit had higher nutlet rate.The clones with thin nutlet shell and small single nutlet mass had higher kernel rate.The clones with large single nutlet mass had higher kernel yield.Principal component analysis to get 5 common factors,including 84.42%of cumulative contribution rate.Combining correlation analysis,22 quantitative traits could be simplified into 8 main evaluation indexes,including flesh thickness,fruit length,single fruit mass,single nutlet mass,single kernel mass,nutlet rate,kernel rate and kernel yield.Based on the main evaluation indexes,10 clones with excellent fruit economic traits were selected.[Conclusion]The fruit traits of P.mandshurica clones have a high degree of variation.Clones 803,777,783,720,721,725,719,711,731 and 784 screened by multi-index comprehensive evaluation were suitable for the breeding,development and utilization of P.mandshurica varieties in the future.
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