摘要
[目的]探讨油茶和薄壳山核桃间作对土壤养分和真菌多样性的影响.[方法]以油茶单作模式(Cam)、油茶+薄壳山核桃间作模式(Cam&Car)和薄壳山核桃单作模式(Car)3 种林地为研究对象,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序等技术,分析 0～30 cm林地土壤主要理化性质和酶活性、真菌群落组成结构和多样性以及真菌与土壤环境因子的相关性.[结果]间作模式林地土壤pH值和水解性氮、有效磷、有机质含量均居于Car单作模式和Cam单作模式之间.间作模式一定程度上提升了薄壳山核桃土壤酶活性,降低了土壤有效钾(AK)、有效硫(AS)、交换性钙(ECa)含量.3种模式土壤真菌测序共获得1 084个OTUs,共有OTUs数量为111个,特有OTUs的数量表现为Car＞Cam&Car＞Cam.3种模式共鉴定出8门11纲56目131科201属257种真菌,其中Saccharomycetes、Sordariomycetes、Agaricomycetes是 3 种模式共有优势菌纲,Wickerhamomyces是共有优势菌属.Alpha多样性分析表明,3 种模式土壤真菌ACE指数存在显著差异,即Car＞Cam&Car＞Cam,而Shannon指数和Simpson指数没有显著差异.基于Bray-Curtis距离的土壤真菌群落组成主坐标分析结果表明,Cam&Car间作模式与Car单作模式和Cam单作模式均有交集,其中与Car单作模式交集较多.相关性分析结果表明,属水平主要真菌与土壤环境因子存在相关关系,其中与交换性钙含量、有效钾含量、有效硫含量存在显著性负相关.[结论]油茶与薄壳山核桃间作增大了林地养分消耗,但也一定程度上提升了薄壳山核桃土壤酶活性和微生物多样性.建议油茶和薄壳山核桃间作时,加大肥力管理,特别是含钙、钾和硫元素肥料的投入.
Abstract
[Objective]The effect of the intercropping of Camellia oleifera and Carya illinoinensis on soil nutrients and fungal diversity was to be discussed.[Method]The main physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities,the structure and diversity of fungal community,and the correlation between soil environmental factors of 0-30 cm forest soil and fungi were analyzed by using technologies such as Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing in three forest modes,which were C.oleifera monocropping model(Cam),C.oleifera and C.illinoinensis intercropping model(Cam&Car),and C.illinoinensis monocropping model(Car).[Result]The soil pH value and the content of hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus and organic matter in the intercropping forest were between the C.oleifera and C.illinoinensis monocropping model.The soil enzyme activity increased partly but the content of available potassium(AK),available sulfur(AS),exchangeable calcium(ECa)decreased in the C.illinoinensis monocropping model.A total of 1 084 OTUs were obtained by sequencing of soil fungi in three modes.The number of OTUs shared by the three modes was 111.And the order of unique OTUs in three modes was Car＞Cam&Car＞Cam.A total of 257 species of fungi belonging to 8 phyla,11 classes,56 orders,131 families,201 genera were identified from three modes,among which Saccharomycetes,Sordariomycetes and Agaricomycetes were the common dominant fungi class of the three modes,and Wickerhamyces was the common dominant fungi.Alpha diversity analysis showed that the ACE index of soil fungi in three modes had differences,which was Car＞Cam&Car＞Cam,while Shannon index and Simpson index had no significant difference.Principal coordinate analysis based on Bray Curtis distance showed that Cam&Car intercropping model intersected with Car monocropping mode and Cam monocropping model,and more intersections with Car monocropping model.The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between the main fungi at the genus level and the soil environment,among which there was a significant negative correlation with the content of exchangeable calcium,available potassium and available sulfur.[Conclusion]The intercropping of C.oleifera and C.illinoinensis increased the nutrient consumption of forest soil,and the soil enzyme activity and microbial diversity of C.illinoinensis forest partly.The intercropping of C.oleifera and C.illinoinensis should increase fertility management,especially the input of fertilizers containing calcium,potassium and sulfur.
基金项目
湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BBA153)
武汉市园林和林业局林业科技推广项目(武园林发[2021]25号)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据