Identification and analysis of proanthocyanidin synthesis genes in Quercus glauca
[Objective]This study was conducted to identify and bioinformatically analysis of proanthocyanidin(PA,condensed tannin)synthesis genes of Quercus glauca,which could lay a molecular foundation for development and utilization of Q.glauca fruit resources and variety improvement.[Method]Based on published whole genome sequencing data of Q.glauca,the PA synthesis genes were identified,and the protein sequence,chromosome location,interspecific collinearity,gene structure and phylogenetic relationship were analyzed using bioinformatic methods.[Result]The 11 PA synthesis genes of Q.glauca contain 42 family members,which are distributed on 11 chromosomes;The physical and chemical characters of protein are different among QgPAL,QgC4H,Qg4CL and QgF3′H gene family members with multiple copies;Qg4CL8,Qg4CL14,Qg4CL17,QgF3'H2 and QgC4H4 proteins had 2-3 transmembrane regions,suggesting that these proteins might play an important role in intracellular and extracellular signal transduction;The members of the gene family were relatively conservative in evolution in genus Quercus,through the ancient whole genome duplication,tandem duplication and fragment duplication expansion of genus Quercus;QgPAL2-6 and Qg4CL15 genes clustered in the same branch as AtPAL1-2 and At4CL3 involved in PA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana,respectively,which might play an important role in PA biosynthesis;The Qg4CL gene family had evolved into new branches in the phylogenetic tree,in which family members exhibit diversity of gene structure,and mutation of amino acid sites occurs in the highly conservative motif of 4CL gene.It was speculated that these genes may be preserved due to the evolution of new functions.[Conclusion]The PA synthesis genes of Q.glauca expand through various replication methods.The replication genes are relatively conservative in the Quercus,and show a diversity of physicochemical properties,protein structures and evolutionary patterns in Q.glauca.The characteristics and evolutionary patterns of proanthocyanidin synthesis genes are analyzed by bioinformatics methods,which lay the molecular foundation for an in-depth analysis of the mechanism of tannin synthesis in genus Quercus.
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