Effects of grass cultivation on soil physico-chemical properties and fruit quality in the Macadamia orchard
[Objective]To clarify the impact of orchard grass planting patterns on the soil physico-chemical properties and fruit quality in Macadamia orchards,providing reference for efficient ecological management of Macadamia in the future.[Method]Select three common grass species in orchards,and use clear tillage as a control to study the differences in soil moisture content,temperature,bulk density,nutrients,and fruit quality among different treatments.Analyze the correlation between soil physico-chemical properties and fruit quality.[Result]The soil water content of orchards under three different grass growing modes was significantly higher than that of clear tillage,as shown by Melilotus officinalis(0.25)＞Medicago sativa(0.22)＞Lolium multiflorum(0.21)＞clear tillage(0.17).The soil bulk density showed the opposite characteristics,the soil bulk density of orchards under three different grass growing modes was significantly lower than that of clear tillage.The soil temperature in the plowing area was higher than that in the grass growing area,with a large range of changes and a high coefficient of variation.The daily variation of surface soil temperature in orchards under different grass growing modes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the soil temperature reached its highest value at 14:00.The highest soil temperature values under the grass growing mode of M.officinalis,M.sativa,and L.multiflorum were 10.39%,11.87%,and 14.84%lower than those in the clear tillage area,respectively.Compared with tillage,orchard grass significantly increased soil organic matter,total potassium,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium content,while the total phosphorus content in the soil was significantly lower than that in the tillage area.The yield of Macadamia plants under three different grass growing modes was significantly higher than that under clear tillage,as shown by M.officinalis(20.67 kg)＞L.multiflorum(19.60 kg)＞M.sativa(14.73 kg)＞clear tillage(4.33 kg).In terms of fruit quality,the grass growing areas were significantly higher than the clear tillage areas.Relevant analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between soil physico-chemical properties and the yield and fruit quality of Macadamia.The yield was significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with soil water content,alkaline nitrogen,organic matter,total potassium,etc.PCA analysis showed that except for soil total phosphorus,temperature,and bulk density,all other soil properties were positively correlated with Macadamia yield and quality indicators.[Conclusion]Orchard grass can effectively increase the soil water and nutrient content of Macadamia orchards,reduce soil bulk density and temperature,and significantly increase fruit tree yield and fruit quality.The correlation between yield,fruit quality,and soil physico-chemical properties is good,and the M.sativa grass growing model is more suitable for Macadamia orchards.
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