Characteristics of soil microorganisms and their influencing factors of different vegetation restoration modes in typical ecotone between farming and animal husbandry:taking Zhangjiakou Tunken forest farm as an example
[Objective]Soil microorganisms,as ecosystem decomposers,play an important role in vegetation succession and nutrient cycling,and are one of the most important regulators of soil nutrient transformations,as well as an important indicator for ecosystem restoration assessment.To elucidate the soil microbial characteristics during different vegetation restoration processes in the ecotone between farming and animal husbandry,evaluate the effectiveness of vegetation restoration and deepen the understanding of vegetation restoration and succession processes in these areas.[Method]Combined with conventional analytical methods,Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing techniques were used to analyze the soil bacterial and fungal community.Using natural grassland as a control,we analyzed the soil bacterial and fungal community composition and diversity in four vegetation restoration modes(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica,Larix principis-rupprechtii,Populus tomentosa,and Ulmus pumila)in a typical ecotone between farming and animal husbandry,Zhangjiakou Tunken Forest Farm in northern China.Additionally,we investigated the correlation between microbial communities and soil environmental factors.[Result]The high-throughput sequencing results yielded a total of 19 957 bacterial OTUs and 5 957 fungal OTUs.α-diversity analysis indicated that in the 20-40 cm soil layer,the bacterial Shannon and Chao indices of Pinus and Larix were significantly higher than those of the natural grassland(P＜0.05).In the 0-20 cm soil layer,the fungal Shannon and Chao indices of natural grassland and ulmus were significantly higher than those of populous(P＜0.05).β-diversity analysis revealed significant differences in microbial community structure among different vegetation types at the genus level(P=0.001).Regression analysis suggested that vegetation restoration led to changes in soil bacterial and fungal communities,with soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),and silt content closely associated with bacteria,while clay and silt content were closely associated with fungi.[Conclusion]During the vegetation restoration process in ecotone between farming and animal husbandry in Zhangjiakou area,the Pinus and Larix restoration modes exhibited the highest richness and diversity in bacterial communities,while the Ulmus restoration mode demonstrated the highest richness and diversity in fungal communities.These findings contribute theoretical and technical support for ecological restoration in ecologically fragile areas of ecotone between farming and animal husbandry.
ecotone between farming and animal husbandryplantationvegetation restorationsoil microbial diversityenvironmental factors
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