Degrees of Causal Contributions and Structural Causal Models:Troubleshooting Sartorio's Theory
The ethicist Carolina Sartorio argues against the notion of the existence of causal contribution,arguing that the idea of it is an"illusion"that stems from a"confusion",and that not only can the"appearances"of causal contribution be dissolved by interpretation,but that the methods used to measure it can lead to insoluble"puzzles".Drawing on structural equation theory of actual causation,as well as on findings from psychology and cognitive science,shows that Sartorio's line of argumentation is wrong from the start,that sufficiency and necessity are not used to characterize causal contribution as she understands them to be,but rather are used to define causation,and that normative considerations are what make causal contribution possible.It is further shown that structural equation theory does not conclusively resolve Sartorio's"puzzles",it is only because of the ambiguity of the norms in the specific case and does not constitute a refutation of structural equation theory,thus ultimately defending the notion of the degree of causal contribution as possible.
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