As an umbrella term,design for values aims to actively consider ethical values in technological innovation.Due to its forward-looking,proac-tive,and operational nature,design for values has been widely used to address the ethical issues of emerging technologies.However,current research lacks reflection on concept of design for values,especially in the interpretation and positioning of the concept of ethical value.These not only hinder tech-nologists'understanding of design for values,but also affect its practical implementation.Different understandings of ethical values form two perspectives of design for values.The expansive perspective regards ethical values as an independent element distinct from function,and the reflective perspective re-gards ethical values as a permeable element of reflective activity.The two perspectives differ in terms of theoretical background,relationship to past tech-nological practices,goals to be achieved,and ways to achieve them.The realization of design for values should not only consciously distinguish the two perspectives,but also integrate them and give full play to their respective advantages.Design for values is not only a design methodology,but also an ac-tive techno-ethical practice for the good.
design for valuesethical valueexpanded perspectivereflective perspective
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