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价值对齐与人类价值共识及其生存理性

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价值对齐之所以成为当前人工智能发展的核心议题,直接源于人类对人工智能发展的风险焦虑,但事实上却存有最低纲领("预防更坏的")和最高纲领("获得更好的")的诉求,总的目的是增进人类福祉,让人类生活更美好——所要解决的是"如何是好"的问题.价值对齐凸显了作为其前提的人类价值共识何以可能的问题,走向人类价值共识必须日益重视人工智能体这一拟主体的地位.立足人工智能时代,从人类价值共识叙事的解释力、包容性、可塑性等角度看,全人类共同价值范式明显优于普世价值范式.价值对齐及其凸显的人类价值共识问题要求我们领悟和坚守全人类共同价值的本质即人类的生存理性,以共在为前提,以共感为基础,迈向主体间性,运用横向理性,构建公共理性.在不确定性条件下人类实践所吁求的生存理性不仅需要高效率的智能,更需要达致美好的智慧.
Value Alignment and Human Value Consensus and Its Survival Rationality
The reason why Value Alignment has become a central issue in the current development of AI stems directly from human anxiety about the risk of AI development,but in fact there are minimum program(preventing the worse condition)and maximum program(obtaining the better condition),and the overall purpose is to enhance human well-being and make human life better.In other words,the question to be addressed is"What is good".Value Alignment highlights the question of how human value consensus is possible as a prerequisite for it,and the move towards it must increasingly emphasize the status of AI as a proposed subject.Based on the AI era,from the perspective of the explanatory power,inclusiveness,and plasticity of the human val-ue consensus narrative,the paradigm of the common values of humanity is clearly superior to the paradigm of the universal value.Value Alignment and its highlighted human value consensus issue require us to comprehend and adhere to the essence of the common value of all human beings,i.e.,human ex-istential rationality,to take coexistence as the premise,to take common-sense as the basis,to move towards inter-subjectivity,to apply horizontal ra-tionality,and to construct public reason.The rationality of survival that human practice appeals to under the condition of uncertainty requires not only effi-cient intelligence,but also the wisdom to achieve the good.

value alignmentthe common values of humanitysurvival rationalityArtificial Intelligencewisdom

沈湘平

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中国人民大学哲学院,北京 100872

价值对齐 全人类共同价值 生存理性 人工智能 智慧

2024

自然辩证法研究
中国自然辩证法研究会

自然辩证法研究

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.395
ISSN:1000-8934
年,卷(期):2024.40(12)