Review of Manned Spaceflight Development Abroad in 2023
In 2023,the manned spaceflight of major space faring nations continued to develop stead-ily.The United States vigorously promoted the Artemis lunar exploring program and steadily laid out the development roadmap of the ISS after 2030;Russia actively planed for manned lunar landings and the development of a future lunar base,and prepared for the construction of a new orbital space station.Europe sought to develop independent human spaceflight capability,and attempted to use the cargo spacecraft as the basis for the development of human spacecraft.India actively promoted the preparation of its first manned space mission and has defined its space station and manned lunar mission.Commercial human spaceflight continued to grow rapidly,becoming the main channel for human spaceflight activities in more countries.The International Space Station(ISS),which had been in operation for 25 years,will play an even greater role in promoting deep space human explo-ration technology and the development of Earth science and technology.
manned spaceflightstrategypolicyInternational Space StationLunardeep space
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