Abstract
By conducting a two-dimensional experimental study,this paper aims to enhance the understanding of the mech-anism of sand convective motions in the vicinity of a wall subjected to long-term cyclic lateral loadings.The experimental tests were conducted in a rectangular sandbox with a transparent front-wall,through which the process of sand particle motions could be recorded by using a high-resolution digital camera.The images were processed with a high time-resolved PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)system.Based on the experimental data,this work(1)presents the sand flow field in the convective zones;(2)provides means to describe the convection mechanism;(3)proposes the relationships between the loading conditions and dimensions of the region with intense sand movement;and(4)elaborates the similarity of the sand flow velocity structure within the sand convective zones.
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