Suitability evaluation and location-allocation optimization of disaster shelters based on GIS:A case study in Rizhao of Shandong Province
As the key content of emergency management,the location-allocation optimization of disaster shelters can provide reference for the formulation of disaster prevention and mitigation planning.Taking Rizhao City,Shandong Province as an example,based on GIS spatial analysis technology,the origin-destination(O-D)cost matrix method,road impedance model,Voronoi diagram algorithm and P-median supplement location-allocation optimization model are used to evaluate the suitability of existing shelters in the city from multiple perspectives,including accessibility analysis,responsibility area evaluation and population allocation gap analysis of existing shelters.Three sets of shelter supplement location-allocation optimization schemes are designed.The results show that the road traffic accessibility in Rizhao City is relatively high,and the average travel time from each road node to all other nodes is 34.74～83.40 min.However,the number of existing shelters is insufficient and the spatial distribution is too concentrated,which greatly restricts the accessibility of existing shelters.Under different radiation radii,the accessible scope of the existing shelters only accounts for 12.60％,39.54％and 78.69％area of the city respectively.For the existing shelters in the city,the proportion of townships and streets in the responsibility area that need to evacuate across districts accounts for 18.52％.Under the two scenarios of evacuation demand,the population allocation gap in Rizhao City reaches 81.96％and 15.91％population of the city respectively,which are difficult to accommodate in existing shelters.In the recent planning scheme of the three sets of supplement location-allocation optimization schemes,it is suggested to add eight park green spaces,such as high-tech zone urban ecological park,development zone central park,Kuishan mountain park,etc.,as new shelters.
disaster sheltersO-D cost matrixroad impedance modelVoronoi diagramP-median model
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