Prospects for integrating cultural ecosystem services assessment into territorial planning
The incorporation of Cultural Ecosystem Services(CES)assessment into territorial planning facilitates a better understanding of the value of ecosystem services and enhances the optimization of ecological spatial arrangement.However,a systematic synthesis and future prospects regarding the application of CES in spatial planning are lacking,thereby impeding its effective implementation in territorial planning.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements made in CES assessment within spatial planning,both domestically and internationally,over the past decade.The findings indicate that:(1)The theoretical explanation of CES formation is further enhanced from the perspective of relationship and interaction,which considers CES as the manifestation and outcome of human-nature interplay,specifically manifested in the flow of CES among suppliers,producers,demanders,and consumers.(2)The concepts pertaining to CES have undergone refinement,thereby facilitating the development of a more operational and normative theoretical framework for CES assessment.(3)The current approaches for CES assessment primarily encompass three categories:evaluation of ecosystem services,appraisal of ecosystem benefits,and estimation of ecosystem services value.The assessment methods mainly consist of three types:spatial scale-based data acquisition methods,spatial location-based data acquisition methods,and integrated spatial analysis and assessment methods.(4)The combination of CES assessment and planning preparation encompasses two approaches:preceding planning preparation and integrating throughout the entire process of planning preparation.This paper highlights the necessity of integrating CES assessment into China's territorial planning,emphasizing the overall concept and specific application purposes and methods at different planning stages.Furthermore,it anticipates the potential benefits brought by digital transformation.