Frameworks,approaches,and methods for studying the relationship between ecosystem services and human wellbeing
The relationship between ecosystem services(ES)and human well-being(HWB)is a central issue in the science and practice of sustainable development,and numerous studies have mushroomed in recent decades.However,the diverse frameworks,approaches,and meth-ods used in studying the ES-HWB relationship have rarely been reviewed systematically.Thus,here we provide an overview of the research frameworks,approaches,and methods for study-ing the ES-HWB relationship.In addition,we discuss future research directions.Our review shows that research frameworks for studying the ES-HWB relationship can be classified into four types,including frameworks related to the Entitlement and Capacity Approach,the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework,the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment frame-work,and the Ecosystem Services Cascade framework.The four types of frameworks differ in their origins,core elements,and application scenarios,but show similarities in their construc-tion logic and inherent assumptions.Methods for analyzing the ES-HWB relationship can be categorized as direct valuation,statistical analysis,model simulation,and qualitative assess-ment.To facilitate ES and HWB relationship research,future studies need to update the re-search framework,innovate research methods based on the recently developed method(e.g.,machine learning),and develop coherent guidelines for indicator selection and quantification.
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