Exploring the cooperation mechanism of national park concessions based on the perspective of social embedding:A case study of Sanjiangyuan National Park
As a scientific tool for promoting the effective management and sustainable use of national parks,the concession system is essential to satisfying visitor desire for ecological expe-riences,fostering alternative livelihoods for communities,and attaining an appropriate equilibri-um between resource conservation and community development.There is an urgent need to conduct an extensive review of the concession cooperation mechanism in order to tackle the re-al-world concerns of constrained consultation channels,arbitrary benefit distribution,and weak social organizations that have been identified during the pilot phase of the concession system in national parks.The study examines the social network of the Sanjiangyuan National Park con-cession operation mechanism from the standpoint of social embedding,in accordance with the stakeholder theory.In order to explore stakeholder social network positions and roles in policy,cognitive,cultural,and livelihood aspects as well as their cooperative mechanisms,an analyti-cal framework for the embeddedness of national park concessions is developed.The research demonstrated that various social embeddedness dimensions have different stakeholder role posi-tions;park residents,management organizations,and concessionaires are at the core level of so-cial networks for policy,cognitive,cultural,and livelihood dimensions.NGOs play a strong in-termediary role among different stakeholders.Under the model of national park concession co-operation mechanism based on social embeddedness,there are differences in the concerns of different stakeholders under different interest demands.Cultural embedding has a positive mod-erating effect on policy embedding and cognitive embedding.The impact of policy embedding on livelihood embedding is two-sided.Cognitive embedding is a precursor to livelihood embed-dedness.Therefore,the concession system must fully coordinate the interests and demands of all parties,encourage the participation and cooperation of various social forces,and explore di-versified concession models.The findings of this study can provide a foundation for establish-ing a more rigorous and locally tailored concession system in western China's national park sys-tem.
national park concessionsstakeholderssocial embeddednesssocial network anal-ysisSanjiangyuan National Park
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