Research on the relationship between area-based conservation and tourism:Ideological origins and theory evolution
In the transition context of China's ecological civilization,it is of practical signifi-cance to consciously trace the theoretical logic of the relationship between area-based conser-vation and tourism from western literature.Based on the evolution and social construction ontology of the relationship between conservation and tourism,a conceptual model is built for guiding the study.The critical literature analysis considers comparing the historical dy-namics of the interaction between theory and practice in the process of repeated questioning to grasp the relationship complexity in the process of theories making and breaking.The re-sults show that the relationship between conservation and tourism theoretically evolves through three typical stages,namely,"mutual rejection in theory","consensus and gover-nance in practice",and"neoliberal risks of the relationship".The evolution process is cen-tered on the ultimate goal of effective conservation,incorporating the framework of sustain-able development and cooperative governance.The evolution dynamics stems from the re-peated gaps and adjustments between theory and practice.In the early stage of fortress-style conservation,conservation and tourism formed an exclusion dichotomy.The emergence and widespread of sustainable development in the new century has promoted the integration of conservation and development.Tourism,as an integrative practice,formed a consensual co-management relationship with conservation.Three types of governance programs emerged from the research around the pluralistic goals of consensus:integrated and sustainable devel-opment approach,community based eco-tourism,and adaptive co-management.Recent neo-liberalism has promoted eco-social risks from the conservation-tourism nexus.Tourism,based on critical political ecology of ecotourism and sustainable tourism,acted as a justice practice role for conservation to promote tangible sustainable development change.The study provides an alternative inspiring domestic scholar to go beyond the simplified thinking of the conservation-tourism nexus in natural sciences.It helps to pay attention to the real practice of tourism in protected areas from the social complexity theoretical perspective,and to develop localized knowledge from Chinese ecological civilization in the light of the histor-ical evolution of international theories.
万方数据
维普
