摘要
科学系统开展山水工程生态修复成效评估,对工程区生态系统持续维持和保护具有重要意义.基于生态调查与评估方法,针对额尔齐斯河流域山水工程实施范围,在子项目区、生态保护修复单元、工程范围三尺度上,构建生态系统格局—质量—服务—胁迫—综合成效为主要内容的评估框架;依据相关调查数据,对工程实施前后生态修复成效进行全面系统地评价.结果表明:子项目区生态系统格局、质量、服务功能均呈现显著改善,人为胁迫降低;工程范围、各生态保护修复单元生态系统格局有轻微下降,生态系统质量、服务功能有不同程度的提升,但人为胁迫增加;工程实施对流域总体生态系统质量、服务功能改善起到积极作用,仍需加强山水工程对生态系统格局的优化,并可为其他山水工程实施提供参考.
Abstract
Within the domain of the Mountains-Waters project in the Irtysh River Basin,an assessment framework was constructed at the three scales of subproject,ecological protec-tion unit,and restoration unit,and with consideration of the scope of the project,which in-cludes ecosystem pattern,quality,services,coercion,and comprehensive effectiveness.Then,the ecological restoration effectiveness before and after implementation of the project was comprehensively and systematically assessed using relevant survey data.The principal con-clusions follow:(1)There were significant shortterm differences between the ecological res-toration areas of mines and nonmining areas.The ecological parameters in nonmining areas were superior to those in mining areas;however,the ecological effectiveness in mining areas has not yet manifest.(2)Compared to the baseline period,the ecological structure,quality,and service functions in the subproject area improved during the evaluation period.The over-all increase in ecological service function exceeded 5％,with a decrease in human distur-bance,indicating significant restoration effectiveness in the project area and its direct impact zone.(3)The quality of ecosystems has been enhanced within the scope of the project and at the scale of ecological units,particularly in the Northern Altai Mountain region.Functions such as soil conservation,windbreaks,sand fixation,and biodiversity protection have im-proved,although enhancement of carbon sequestration has been modest.Except in the south-em desert grasslands,water conservation capacity has declined,and humaninduced stressors have intensified.However,the ecosystems have generally maintained their baseline status and have partially improved.(4)Because of the limitations of the overall and systematic lay-out of the subproject implementation areas and the limited actual area of restoration and con-servation,the effectiveness of the subproject implementation did not significantly impact the overall improvement of the watershed and the ecosystems of various ecological conservation units.The associated assessment results have significant relevance and value for sustainable management of the Irtysh River project.
维普
万方数据