Recent advances of transcription-translation coupling in bacteria
The central dogma elucidates the process by which genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA and ultimately to protein.During transcription,messenger RNA(mRNA)is synthesized by RNA polymerase using DNA as a template.Subsequently,ribosomes utilize the newly synthesized mRNA during translation to generate proteins.In contrast to eukaryotes,bacteria and archaea exhibit simultaneous transcription and translation within the same cellular compartment.This co-occurrence of processes is facilitated through transcription-translation coupling,wherein the leading ribosome follows transcribing RNA polymerase.Physical interactions among these macromolecular machines are important for both transcription and translation processes.Extensive research on bacterial transcription-translation coupling has progressively unveiled its pivotal role in gene regulation for last decades while identifying various regulatory factors involved in this process.Recent structural studies investigating different states of the transcription-translation coupling complex have systematically demonstrated dynamic changes occurring under varying mRNA spacing conditions,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for further investigations into the gene regulation mechanisms governed by transcription-translation coupling.
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