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专利权恶意取得及其规制路径

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伪造并不真实存在的技术方案、明知为现有技术(或现有设计)、故意侵犯他人技术秘密并申请专利,以及违反保密审查义务在外国申请专利后又在中国国内申请专利等四种行为,是典型的专利权恶意取得行为.根据这些行为所侵害的法益为公共利益或是特定第三人利益,可以将其分为无效的专利权恶意取得行为与可撤销的专利权恶意取得行为.对于前者,任何单位或者个人都可以向国务院专利行政部门请求宣告专利权无效;对于后者,只能由利益受到损害的特定第三人主张撤销原授权决定,并请求变更权利归属.专利权恶意取得行为的规制,既需要司法机关在个案中层层把关、细致甄别,又需要行政审查机关注重源头治理、加强事后惩戒,形成协同治理体系.
The malicious acquisition of patent rights manifests four typical types of behavior,namely:submitting patent applications with fabricated technology schemes that do not actually exist,knowingly seeking patents for existing technologies(or existing designs),applying for patents on a technology scheme which is intentionally infringing on others'technological know-how and applying for patents in China after its application in foreign countries which violates confidentiality examination obligations.Depending on whether the infringed interests pertain to public interest or that of a specific third party,these behaviors can be further categorized into invalid or revocable malicious acquisition of patent rights.In the former case,any entity or individual is entitled to petition the State patent administrative authority to declare the patent rights invalid.In the latter case,only specific third parties whose interests have been damaged can claim to revoke the original decision on patent grant,and request the patent authority to alter the ownership of rights.The regulation of malicious acquisition of patent rights requires both the scrutiny of judicial authorities in individual cases and a focus by administrative authorities on governance at the source and strict post-punishment measures,forming a synergistic governance system.

patent rightsmalicious acquisitionlegal actinvalid statusrevocable status

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北京大学法学院

北京大学国际知识产权研究中心

专利权 恶意取得 法律行为 无效形态 可撤销形态

2024

知识产权
中国知识产权研究会

知识产权

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.115
ISSN:1003-0476
年,卷(期):2024.(1)
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