The Western Han Dynasty has never been able to rid itself of the Qin institution and educate the world,which was criticized by the Eastern Han scholars.In the early years of the Eastern Han the rulers and officials rebuilt the ancient central school of Bi Yong辟雍,which was the measure they took in pursuit of the ideal way of educating the people.the ritual of archery and that of honoring the elderly were abolished at the end of the Zhou dynasty,and it was not until Emperor Ming's汉明帝 resumed the rite of Bi Yong they were restored.And the rite of Bi Yong in the Eastern Han consists of a series of rituals,including that of archery,of honoring the elderly,and of the Son of Heaven's self-preaching,which echo each other and form a coherent system.The archery ceremony has the meaning of"observing one's virtue through archery",which establishes a relationship between ruler and subject based on virtue.During the ritual of honoring the elderly Emperor Ming temporarily left his position as emperor to play the role of a filial son,constructing a moral order of filial piety in the world.The Son of Heaven personally gave lectures,referring to himself as"Confucius"and his officials as disciples,metaphorically referring to the teacher-student relationship,and considering himself a Confucian teacher.Bi Yong can be"observed",and it is a performance space for Emperor Ming to show his multiple ideal identities.Emperor Ming proclaimed himself as the"Son of Heaven"with the aim of simulating a political order based on ethics.At that time,there was also a phenomenon that"when the Bi Yong was built,the Tai Xue太学 can be cancelled",which was not only due to the overlapping functions of the two institutions,but more importantly due to the intention to unify the power of politics and that of education.
关键词
汉明帝/辟雍/大射礼/养老礼/天子讲学/教化天子
Key words
Emperor Ming of Han/Bi Yong/archery ritual/honoring elderly ritual/emperor indoctrination ritual/the emperor that implements moral culture
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