China is a big country in agriculture and livestock,which produces a large amount of straw and manure every year,which puts enormous pressure on the ecological environment.It is necessary to properly treat these waste materials so that they can be reused by humans.This article elaborated on the current status of resource utilization of straw and manure from the perspectives of fertilization,feed,fuel,base material,raw material,and manure fertilization,as well as energy,ecology,and feed utilization.