乙烯利催熟对机采棉铃重和纤维品质的影响
Ethephon ripening affects boll weight and fiber quality of machine-harvested cotton
刘韬奋 1罗单 1张启鹏 1孙圆圆 1李培松 1田景山 1张旺锋 1向导 2张亚黎 1杨明凤 2勾玲1
作者信息
- 1. 石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003
- 2. 石河子气象局乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,新疆石河子 832003
- 折叠
摘要
催熟剂乙烯利的使用可实现机采棉提前吐絮和集中吐絮.本研究选择催熟剂敏感性和棉铃形态差异较大的18 个棉花品种(材料),在棉铃发育不同阶段一次性喷施乙烯利,分析棉铃铃期缩短对棉花铃重和纤维品质的影响及其关系.结果表明,当棉铃铃期为 47～69 d时,在棉铃铃龄 40.5～49.7 d喷施乙烯利可使棉铃提前 3.5～5.7 d吐絮.在乙烯利催熟下纤维完全发育成熟需 64.1～69.7 d,棉籽则需 54.8～60.5 d.棉铃吐絮时间提前 1.5～6.2 d,铃重与纤维品质均降低的概率高达 58.0%～76.5%.生产中可选择在棉铃铃龄 34.8～44.1 d喷施乙烯利,此时棉株顶部棉铃铃重损失5%(损伤量＜0.26 g)、纤维品质损失 1%(长度损伤量＜0.28 mm、断裂比强度损伤量＜0.30 cN tex-1),这是实现棉铃提前吐絮可接受的代价.此外,部分品种经催熟剂处理后棉铃铃期缩短但其铃重、纤维长度和断裂比强度均增加,此类情况的概率为9.5%～23.5%,说明部分机采棉品种适时使用乙烯利能够实现机采棉棉铃铃期缩短与提高铃重和纤维品质的协同.
Abstract
The use of ethephon can achieve early and concentrated the machine-harvested cotton boll opening.The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of the boll-period shortening on the boll weight,fiber quality,and relationship,when the ethephon was sprayed at different stages of the boll development with a selection of 18 materials.The results showed that when the period of cotton was 47-69 days,spraying ethephon at the age of boll was 40.5-49.7 days,which could advance boll opening by 3.5-5.7 days.It took 64.1-69.7 days for fiber to fully mature under ethephon,while it took 54.8-60.5 days for cotton seed.When boll was opened 1.5-6.2 days earlier,the probability of boll weight and fiber quality decreasing was up to 58.0%-76.5%.To achieve an early opening of the boll,ethephon can be applied at the boll age of 34.8-44.1 days,when the boll weight(＜0.26 g)and fiber quality damage(length reduction＜0.28 mm and fiber strength＜0.30 cN tex-1)at the top of cotton plant are reduced by 5%and 1%,respectively.In addition,the boll period was shortened in some materials,but the boll weight,fiber length,and strength were increased,with the 9.5%-23.5%probability.Therefore,the reasonable use of ethephon in some cotton varieties can shorten the boll period and improve the boll weight and quality.
关键词
棉花/催熟/单铃重/纤维品质/集中吐絮Key words
cotton/ripening/boll weight/fiber quality/concentrated boll-opening引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001001)
棉花生物学国家重点实验室开放课题(CB2022A26)
新疆兵团财政科技计划项目(2021CB044)
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据