施氮与种间距离下大豆/玉米带状套作作物生长特性及其对产量形成的影响
Crop growth characteristics and its effects on yield formation through nitrogen application and interspecific distance in soybean/maize strip relay intercropping
杨立达 1任俊波 1彭新月 1杨雪丽 1罗凯 1陈平 1袁晓婷 1蒲甜 1雍太文 1杨文钰1
作者信息
- 1. 四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心,四川成都 611130
- 折叠
摘要
为明确施氮和种间距离下套作作物生长特性及其对产量形成的影响.本文以大豆/玉米带状套作系统为研究主体,探究不同氮水平(施氮与不施氮)与种间距离(玉豆间距 30、45、60 和 75 cm、单作 100 cm)下作物生长率、干物质积累与分配及产量差异,并对作物干物质积累过程进行拟合,综合分析作物生长规律和产量效益.结果表明:玉米生长率在抽雄期至乳熟期达最大,不施氮下以间距 30 cm(MS30)最高,较玉米单作(MM100)高出 34.99%.套作大豆生长率在初花期前显著低于单作(SS100),而初花期后高于SS100,以间距 60 cm(MS60)最高,盛花期—盛荚期在不施氮下较SS100 高出 78.91%.Logistic方程可较好的拟合玉米、大豆的干物质积累过程,且R2 均在 0.95 以上.与不施氮相比,施氮推迟了玉米干物质积累高峰,提高了干物质积累量;套作大豆生育前期干物质积累慢于单作,而生育后期间距 45 cm(MS45)、MS60 干物质积累逐渐与单作持平甚至超过单作.施氮提高了玉米籽粒干物质分配率而显著提高产量,2 年间玉米产量分别提高 10.05%、40.90%.随种间距离增加套作大豆产量呈先增后减趋势,以MS60最高,MS30 最低,MS60 两年间在不施氮与施氮下较MS30 分别平均高出 23.88%、31.77%.套作下土地当量比均在1.35 以上,其中以施氮下MS60 最大(1.89).适宜的种间距离(间距 60 cm)可实现套作下玉米和大豆协同生长,提高作物生长率、促进干物质积累与分配、提高系统产量和土地当量比.
Abstract
The objective of this study is to clarify relay intercropping crop growth characteristics and its effects on yield formation under nitrogen application and interspecific distance.In this study,the soybean/maize strip relay intercropping system was used as the main body,to explore the crop growth rate,dry mater accumulation,and distribution,and yield differences under different nitrogen levels(nitrogen application and no nitrogen application)and interspecific distance(the spacing of soybean 30,45,60,75,and 100 cm mono-cropping),to fit the process of crop dry mater accumulation,and comprehensively analyze the crop growth law and yield benefit.The results showed that the maximum growth rate of maize was reached from male stage to milking stage,and the maximum growth rate was 30 cm(MS30)without nitrogen application,which was 34.99%higher than that of monoculture maize(MM100).The growth rate of relay intercropping was significantly lower than that of monoculture soybean(SS100)before the first flowering stage,but higher than that of SS100 after the first flowering stage,with the highest spacing of 60 cm(MS60),and 78.91%higher than that of SS100 from full flowering stage to full pod stage without nitrogen application.The logistic equa-tion could fit well the matter accumulation process of maize and soybean,and the R2 were all above 0.95.Compared with no ni-trogen application,nitrogen application delayed the accumulation peak and increased the biomass of maize.The matter accumula-tion of intercropping soybean was slower than monoculture at the early growth stage,but MS45 and MS60 were gradually equal to or even exceeded monoculture soybean at later growth stage.Nitrogen application increased the dry matter allocation rate to the grain,and maize yield increased by 10.05%and 40.90%in two years,respectively.With the increase of interspecific distance,soybean yield increased first and then decreased,with the highest value in MS60 and the lowest value in MS30.In the two years,soybean yield in MS60 was 23.88%and 31.77%higher than MS30 under no nitrogen application and nitrogen application,re-spectively.The land equivalent ratio under relay intercropping was all above 1.35,among which MS60 under nitrogen application was the largest(1.89).The suitable interspecific distance(interspecific distance 60 cm)under relay intercropping can realize the cooperative growth of maize and soybean,increase crop growth rate,promote the accumulation and distribution of matter,and improve the system yield and land equivalent ratio.
关键词
大豆/玉米带状套作/种间距离/作物生长特性/干物质积累与分配/产量Key words
soybean/maize strip relay intercropping/interspecific distance/crop growth characteristics/dry matter accumu-lation and distribution/yield引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF1000500)
国家自然科学基金(31872856)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(大豆)
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04-PS20)
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据