旨在探讨不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量与水分利用效率的影响,并阐明其相关生理基础.本研究以甬优1540为材料,设置了 3种灌溉模式,即长淹灌溉(continuous flooding,CF)、轻度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and moderate drying,AWMD)以及重度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and severe drying,AWSD).研究结果表明,与CF相比,AWMD与AWSD均能显著提高水分利用效率,增幅分别为22.6％～25.6％与18.2％～23.1％;AWMD可以显著提高水稻产量,增幅为8.6％～10.0％,而AWSD则显著降低水稻产量,降幅为6.0％～7.5％.与CF相比,AWMD显著降低了拔节期水稻的茎蘖数、地上部干物质重、叶面积指数、移栽至齐穗期的光合势以及移栽至拔节期的作物生长速率,但显著提高了茎蘖成穗率、拔节至齐穗期的作物生长速率、主要生育期水稻根长密度、深根比、比根长、根系总吸收表面积与活跃吸收表面积,以及灌浆后2次土壤复水期的剑叶净光合速率、根系氧化力、根系与叶片中玉米素和玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)含量、籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性等指标.以上结果表明,AWMD可以协同提高甬优1540产量与水分利用效率,优化根-冠生长发育特征,提高灌浆期植株生理活性,实现高产与水分高效利用,为本研究最佳水分管理模式.
Abstract
The objective of this study is to understand how different irrigation regimes affected on grain yield and water use effi-ciency(WUE)of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 and its physiological bases.In the present study,Yongyou 1540 was used and three irrigation regimes were set up during the whole growth period,including continuous flooding(CF),alternate wetting and moderate drying(AWMD),and alternate wetting and severe drying(AWSD).The results showed that compared with CF,both AWMD and AWSD significantly improved WUE,with the increase of 22.6％-25.6％and 18.2％-23.1％,respectively.AWMD significantly increased yield by 8.6％-10.0％,while AWSD significantly decreased yield by 6.0％-7.5％.Compared with CF,AWMD significantly reduced the number of tillers,shoot dry weight and leaf area index(LAI)at the jointing stage,and reduced leaf area duration(LAD)from transplanting to heading,and the crop growth rate(CGR)from transplanting to jointing.However,AWMD significantly increased the percentage of productive tillers,CGR from jointing to heading,root length density,deep root ratio,root to shoot ratio,specific root length,root total absorbing area,and activity absorbing area during the whole growth period,and increased the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves,root oxidation activity,and Z+ZR content in both roots and leaves,key enzymes involved in sucrose-starch metabolism in grains at two soil re-watering stages at grain filling stage.In conclusion,these results indicated that AWMD could increase both grain yield and WUE,promote root and shoot growth,and improve plant physiological activity at grain filling stage,and achieve high yield and high WUE,which was the best irrigation regime in this study.
关键词
籼粳杂交稻/干湿交替灌溉/产量/水分利用率/根系形态与生理特征
Key words
japonica-indica hybrid rice/alternate wetting and soil drying/grain yield/water use efficiency/root morphological and physiological traits
维普
万方数据