摘要
为研究不同栽培管理技术下长江下游水稻灌浆期根系特征与稻米淀粉特性的关系,以甬优2640、武运粳24号、扬稻6号和金香玉1号品种为材料进行大田试验,设置氮空白区(0N)、当地常规(对照)、增密减氮、干湿交替灌溉和增施饼肥5种栽培模式处理.结果表明,与当地常规处理(对照)相比,甬优2640在增密减氮、干湿交替灌溉和增施饼肥处理下的产量增幅分别为6.49％、11.06％和12.72％,武运粳24号分别增加1.92％、11.10％和17.05％,扬稻6号增幅分别为9.30％、18.50％和22.89％,金香玉1号产量增幅分别为6.92％、14.72％和17.89％.同时我们也观察到随着栽培技术的集成和优化,根系形态生理特征(根干重、根长、根直径、根系氧化力、根系伤流强度、根系和根系伤流液中玉米素+玉米素核苷含量和根系分泌物中有机酸总量)以及籽粒淀粉合成关键酶(可溶性淀粉合成酶和颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶)活性、淀粉峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、溶解度和膨胀度逐渐提高.相关分析表明,灌浆期根系形态生理特征与产量和稻米淀粉特性关系密切.表明栽培技术的集成和优化可能通过调节地下部根系生长来改善稻米品质,最终实现高产优质高效的目标.
Abstract
In order to investigate the relationship between root characteristics and starch properties of rice at grain filling stage in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River under different integrative cultivation practices techniques,field experiments were carried out with Yongyou 2640,Wuyunjing 24,Yangdao 6,and Jinxiangyu 1 as the experimental materials.Five cultivation techniques were set up,including nitrogen blank area(ON),local farmers'practice(control),densification and nitrogen reduction,alternate wetting and drying irrigation and increasing application of rapeseed cake fertilizer.The results showed that compared with the local farmers'practice(control),the yield of Yongyou 2640 under the treatment of densification and nitrogen reduction,alternate wetting and drying irrigation and increasing application of rapeseed cake fertilizer increased by 6.49％,11.06％,and 12.72％,re-spectively.The yield of Wuyunjing 24 increased by 1.92％,11.10％,and 17.05％,respectively.The yield of Yangdao 6 increased by 9.30％,18.50％,and 22.89％,respectively,and the yield of Jinxiangyul increased by 6.92％,14.72％,and 17.89％,respectively.At the same time,we also observed that with the integration and optimization of cultivation practices,root morphological and physiological characteristics(root dry weight,root length,root diameter,root oxidation activity,root bleeding intensity,zeatin and zeatin riboside contents in root and root bleeding sap and total organic acid content in exudates),the activity of key enzymes for starch synthesis in grains(soluble starch synthase,granule-bound starch synthase),peak viscosity,hot viscosity,breakdown,final viscosity,solubility and swelling degree gradually increased.Correlation analysis showed that the morphological and physiologi-cal characteristics of roots at grain filling stage were closely related to grain yield and starch properties.It indicated that the inte-gration and optimization of cultivation practices might improve rice quality through regulating the growth of underground roots,and finally achieve the goals of high yield,good quality and high efficiency.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(32071944)
国家自然科学基金(32272197)
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2300304)
江苏省"六大人才高峰"高层次人才项目(SWYY-151)
江苏省高等学校优势学科建设工程项目()
维普
万方数据