摘要
谷子是我国北方重要的杂粮作物,研究表明施加生物炭显著提高谷子产量,但生物炭施用对谷子干物质积累转运及沙地土壤理化性质的影响缺乏详细研究.因此,为研究生物炭对谷子干物质积累转运及分配和土壤的影响,以"榆谷抗 1"为试验材料,于 2021-2022 年在毛乌素新开垦沙地开展田间试验,共设置 1 个对照组(CK,生物炭添加量 0.0 t hm-2)和 3 个试验组 3.0 t hm-2(C1)、4.5 t hm-2(C2)和 6.0 t hm-2(C3).结果表明,与CK相比,新开垦沙地施加生物炭可以显著提高谷子产量和总干物质量,增长幅度分别为 12.22%～53.70%和 9.62%～40.62%.与 CK 相比,施加生物炭处理显著提高了花后 0(开花期)、7、14、21、28 和 45 d谷子倒一叶(旗叶)至倒十三叶的叶片干重.施加生物炭提高了开花期净光合速率,花后同化物积累量、花后同化物积累量对籽粒产量的贡献率以及收获期穗的干物质分配比例,但是后三者随生物炭施用量的增加呈现略微下降的趋势.收获期茎、叶总干物质分配比例随生物炭用量增加而降低,千粒重和收获指数随生物炭施用量的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势.相关性分析显示,谷子产量与收获期茎重(R2 = 0.68)、收获期地上部总重(R2 = 0.71)和收获期全株总重(R2 = 0.70)呈显著正相关.施加生物炭能有效提高土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶的活性,并且显著提高土壤有效氮和有效磷的含量,其中C2(4.5 t hm-2)处理改善效果较大.综上,施加生物炭改善土壤质量,提高开花期谷子净光合速率,增加花后营养器官光合产物的积累,提高穗部干物质分配比例,最终实现谷子增产.
Abstract
Foxtail millet is an important minor crop in North China.Biochar could increase the yield production of foxtail millet,but the effects of biochar on the dry matter accumulation and transport of foxtail millet and the soil physical and chemical proper-ties have not been studied detailly.To explore the effects of biochar adding on dry matter accumulation,transport,and distribution in foxtail millet and soil,a new reclamation land in Mu Us desert was selected to conduct a field experiment in 2021 and 2022 with'Yugukang 1'as the experimental material.In this experiment,there were one control group(CK,biochar addition 0 t hm-2)and 3 test groups with 3.0 t hm-2(C1),4.5 t hm-2(C2),and 6.0 t hm-2(C3),respectively.The results showed that,compared with CK,the grain yield and the total dry material quality were significantly increased by 12.22%-53.70%and 9.62%-40.62%,respec-tively.Biochar application significantly increased the dry weight of foxtail millet leaves from the top one leaf(flag leaf)to the top thirteen leaves at 0(flowering stage),7,14,21,28,and 45 days after flowering.Biochar increased the net photosynthetic rate at flowering stage,the amount of assimilates accumulated after flowering,the contribution rate of assimilates accumulated after flowering to grain yield,and the dry matter distribution ratio of ears at harvest,but the latter three indexes showed a slight down-ward trend with the increase application amount of biochar.The total dry matter distribution ratio of stems and leaves at harvest stage decreased and 1000-grain weight and harvest index increased first and then decreased with the increase application amount of biochar.Correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between foxtail millet yield and stem weight at harvest stage(R2 = 0.68),the total above-ground weight at harvest stage(R2 = 0.71),and the total plant weight at harvest stage(R2 = 0.70).Biochar application could also effectively improve the activities of soil catalase,urease,and sucrase,and sig-nificantly increase the content of soil available nitrogen and phosphorus,among which C2(4.5 t hm-2)treatment had a greater improvement.In conclusion,biochar could improve soil quality,increase net photosynthetic rate of foxtail millet at flowering stage,increase the accumulation of photosynthetic products in vegetative organs after flowering,and increase the proportion of dry matter distribution in ears,so as to increase yield of foxtail millet finally.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(31960223)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2021NY-101)
陕西省青年科技新星项目(2023KJXX-072)
陕西省高校杰出青年人才支持计划()
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-14.5-B27)
榆林学院研究生创新基金项目(2023YLYCX08)
维普
万方数据