摘要
研究紫云英稻秸秆协同还田下氮肥减量对水稻关键生育期干物质积累和氮素吸收转运及籽粒产量的影响,为水稻绿色高效栽培提供技术路径.试验于 2019-2021 年在陕西省汉中市农业科学研究所韩塘试验基地进行,采用随机区组设计,重复 3 次.供试水稻品种为优质籼稻'黄华占'.共设 5 个处理,(1)冬闲水稻秸秆不还田,不施肥(CK);(2)冬闲水稻秸秆不还田,常规施氮(NPK);(3)冬作紫云英水稻秸秆还田,常规施氮(GRN100);(4)冬作紫云英水稻秸秆还田,氮肥减量 20%(GRN80);(5)冬作紫云英水稻秸秆还田,氮肥减量 30%(GRN70).分析了水稻齐穗期和成熟期干物质积累、氮素累积量、氮素吸收与利用.结果表明:1)与NPK相比,紫云英水稻秸秆协同还田各处理水稻产量增加 3.50%～7.65%;齐穗期茎鞘、叶片、穗干物重分别增加 25.54%～44.79%、44.79%～53.74%、33.76%～61.81%,成熟期茎鞘、叶片干物重增加 6.87%～25.57%、20.87%～23.46%;且与GRN100 相比,GRN80 和GRN70 水稻产量增加 4.00%和 2.77%,齐穗期穗干物重增加 21.33%、4.56%,GRN80 有效穗增加 7.77%,千粒重增加 2.56%,GRN80 成熟期茎鞘、穗干物重增加 17.52%、10.91%.2)与NPK相比,紫云英水稻秸秆协同还田各处理齐穗期茎鞘、叶片、穗氮累积量增加34.84%～60.59%、50.41%～69.28%、26.57%～45.35%,成熟期增加48.61%～54.78%、54.67%～91.81%、6.42%～19.96%,茎鞘氮转运量增加 16.89%～64.99%,叶片氮转运量增加 47.85%～73.05%,氮转运贡献率增加 27.75%～41.09%;且与GRN100 相比,GRN80 穗中氮增量增加 19.76%,茎鞘氮转运量、茎鞘转运率、叶片转运率、氮素转运效率分别增加7.46%、2.73%、9.35%、6.86%.3)与NPK相比,紫云英水稻秸秆协同还田各处理氮素干物质生产效率减低 10.64%～20.92%,氮肥生理利用率减少 17.88%～32.89%,氮肥农学效率增加 7.81%～63.03%,氮素回收率增加 57.36%～97.19%,氮肥偏生产力增加 3.55%～52.00%;且与GRN100 相比,GRN80 和GRN70 氮素干物质生产效率增加 13.00%、10.97%,氮肥生理利用率增加 12.34%、22.37%,氮肥农学效率显著增加 35.66%、51.21%,氮素回收率显著增加 21.04%、25.52%,氮肥偏生产力增加 30.04%、46.79%.紫云英水稻秸秆协同还田下减氮 20%或 30%能够显著提高水稻产量,增加氮素吸收转运,提高氮素利用,是适宜汉中地区水稻生产的一种绿色高效栽培模式.
Abstract
The integrated effect of milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.)and rice straws combined with nitrogen reduction on dry matter,nitrogen uptake,and transport during key growth period in rice,and rice yield was studied to provide the theoretical basis for green and efficient cultivation in rice.A field experiment was conducted at Hantang Experimental Base of Hanzhong Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Shaanxi Province from 2019 to 2021.The randomized block design was adopted and repeated for 3 times.The tested rice variety was high-quality indica rice'Huanghuazhan'.Five treatments included:(1)winter fallow,no rice straw mulching,no fertilization(CK);(2)winter fallow,no rice straw mulching,conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate(NPK);(3)planting green manure in winter,rice straw mulching with conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate(GRN100);(4)planting green ma-nure in winter,rice straw mulching with 80%conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate(GRN80);(5)planting green manure in winter,rice straw mulching with 70%conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate(GRN70).The dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen transport and nitrogen utilization at the full heading and mature stage in rice were analyzed.The results showed that:(Ⅰ)Compared with NPK,the yield of rice increased by 3.50%-7.65%under the milk vetch+rice straw treatments,and the dry weight of stem sheath,leaf,and panicle increased by 25.54%-44.79%,44.79%-53.74%,33.76%-61.81%at the full heading stage.The dry weight of stem sheath and leaf increased by 6.87%-25.57%,20.87%-23.46%at maturity stage.Compared with GRN100,the grain yield of GRN80 and GRN70 was increased by 4.00%-2.77%,the dry weight of panicle increased by 21.33%-4.56%at the full heading stage,and the dry weight of stems sheath,and panicle increased by 17.52%-10.91%during the mature stage of GRN80.(Ⅱ)Compared with NPK,the nitrogen accumulation in stem sheath,leaf and panicle of the milk vetch+rice straw treat-ments increased by 34.84%-60.59%,50.41%-69.28%,26.57%-45.35%during the full heading stage,48.61%-54.78%,54.67%-91.81%,6.42%-19.96%at mature stage,16.89%-64.99%in stem sheath nitrogen transport,47.85%-73.05%in leaf ni-trogen transport,and 27.75%-41.09%in nitrogen transport contribution rate.Compared with GRN100,nitrogen increasement in the panicle of GRN80 increased by 19.76%,and nitrogen transport capacity,stem sheath transport rate,leaf transport rate,and nitrogen transport efficiency increased by 7.46%,2.73%,9.35%,and 6.86%,respectively.(Ⅲ)Compared with NPK,the nitrogen dry matter production efficiency decreased by 10.64%-20.92%,the nitrogen fertilizer physiological utilization efficiency de-creased by 17.88%-32.89%,the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency increased by 7.81%-63.03%,the nitrogen recovery rate increased by 57.36%-97.19%,and the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity increased by 3.55%-52.00%.Compared with GRN100,GRN80 and GRN70 increased nitrogen dry matter production efficiency by 13.00%-10.97%,nitrogen fertilizer physiological utili-zation efficiency by 12.34%-22.37%,nitrogen fertilizer agricultural efficiency by 35.66%-51.21%,nitrogen recovery rate by 21.04%-25.52%,and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity by 30.04%-46.79%.In conclusion,the co-incorporation of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw in winter accompanied by reducing 20%or 30%N application rate based on conventional N application rate,can significantly increase rice yield,nitrogen absorption and transportation and nitrogen utilization.It may be a green and efficient cultivation model suitable for rice production in the Hanzhong region.
基金项目
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022ZDLNY02-06)
维普
万方数据